History of Chad (1900-1999

History of Chad (1900-1999

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1910       
French Equatorial Africa was a former administrative grouping of four French territories in west central Africa.

It was first formed by thefederation of 3 French imperial colonies: Gabon, Middle Congo, and Ubangi-Shari-Chad. It comprised a total area of 969,112 square miles (2,500,000 sq km).

   (www.discoverfrance.net)

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1920       
Chad was separated from Ubangi-Shari to form fourth colony of [ French Equatorial Africa].
    (www.discoverfrance.net)
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1934       
French Equatorial Africa was transformed into a unified territory of France. In 1946 it was re-divided into four separate overseas territories.
    (www.discoverfrance.net)
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1946
"French Equatorial Africa " was re-divided into four separate overseas territories
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28-11-1958
 Chad, Gabon and Middle Congo, became autonomous republics within the French community. The Middle Congo province of French Equatorial Africa voted to proclaim itself independent as the Congo Republic (Brazzaville).
    (AP, 11/28/97)
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11-8-1960
Chad became independent from France, but remained within the French community. Francois Tombalbaye became the 1st president.
    (PC, 1992, p.973)(EWH, 1st ed., p.1173)
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1964       
The Customs and Economic Union of Central Africa, UDEAC from its name in French, was established by the Brazzaville Treaty. Members included Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, and Gabon.
    (AP, 9/29/13)
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1966       
The Brazzaville Treaty became effective after it was ratified by the five member countries: Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, the Republic of Congo, and Gabon.
    (http://tinyurl.com/3dglseb)
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1974       
Oil was discovered in Chad.
    (WSJ, 6/24/03, p.A9)
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1975       
Abdelkader Wadal Kamougue, a southern Chad leader, led a coup.
    (SFC, 7/12/96, p.A1)
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1976       
 The Development Bank of Central African States (BDEAC) was established and included six members of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa: Cameroon, the Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Equatorial Guinea and Gabon.
    (AP, 9/23/09)
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1980-1982  
 In Chad Goukouni Weddeye served as president until he was overthrown by Hissene Habre. He went to Algeria where he has lived, some of the time helping to plan rebellions against Habre, who was later overthrown by Idriss Deby Itno. In 2009 Weddeye planned to return to Chad.
    (AFP, 8/21/09)
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7-6-1982
Hissene Habre (b.1942) deposed PM Goukouni Oueddei and became dictator of Chad until 1990. Under Habre the secret police allegedly killed tens of thousands of people and tortured as many as 200,000. Habre received US support because he opposed Libyan leader Moammar Khadafy. Habre was deposed on Dec 1, 1990, by Idriss Deby and fled to Senegal with $11 million.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9)(WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)
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1987       
France ousted Libyan troops from a disputed area of northern Chad.
In the proxy war, code-named Arid Farmer, France and the US backed government forces against Libyan troops.

    (SFC, 6/22/99, p.A12)(WSJ, 2/11/03, p.D8)
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1990         Nov
, In Chad Idriss Deby (37), a guerilla chief, seized power in a coup. His Zaghawa tribe came to dominate the government and was widely opposed by other Chadians from other regions.
    (www.atlapedia.com/online/countries/chad.htm)(Econ, 3/4/06, p.42)
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1-12-1990
 Hissene Habre (b.1942), dictator of Chad, was deposed by Idriss Deby and fled to Senegal with $11 million.
    (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiss%C3%A8ne_Habr%C3%A9)(WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)
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1991      
 The French supported strongman in Chad was removed from office.
    (WSJ, 1/24/97, p.A14)
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1992       
A commission set up in Chad accused Habre's regime of 40,000 political killings and 200,000 cases of torture.
    (AP, 11/25/05)
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1992       
Hissene Habre fled to Senegal from Chad with $11 million in loot.
    (WSJ, 5/31/00, p.A26)
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1992      
 An agreement was made on sharing water from Nubian sandstone aquifer system, the largest in the world, located under Chad, Egypt, Libya and Sudan.
    (Econ, 10/9/10, p.87)
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1994       
Oil in Chad was estimated to be at least 1 million barrels.
    (WSJ, 6/24/03, p.A9)
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1995       
Laurent Pope, former US ambassador to Chad, admitted that half of the $300 million in assistance provided by the US (Agency for Int’l.
Development) since 1982 was wasted.
    (WSJ, 1/2/98, p.8)
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3-6-1996
 In Chad Pres. Idriss Deby led 15 candidates in the upcoming first multiparty elections.
    (WSJ, 8/8/95, p. A1)
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3-7-1996
 Chad’s Pres. Idriss Deby won 70% of the vote. He defeated Abdelkader Wadal Kamougue, a southern leader who led coup in 1975. The election was widely seen as flawed.
    (SFC, 7/12/96, p.A1)(WSJ, 5/29/01, p.A1)
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1996       
The life expectancy for women in Chad was 40 years.
    (SFC, 5/6/96, p.A-4)
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1997        Aug,
 A plague of locusts began to spread across southwest Chad with as many as 200 locusts per square yard.
    (SFC, 9/27/97, p.A21)
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1998        Aug,
 Troops from Chad were sent to support Kabila in the Congo.
    (SFC, 10/15/98, p.A15)
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1998        Dec,
 Chad's parliament passed into law an agreement for strict auditing of its oil income.
    (WSJ, 6/24/03, p.A9)
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