27 BC – The title Augustus is bestowed upon Gaius Julius Caesar Octavian by the Roman Senate.
550 – Gothic War (535–552): The Ostrogoths, under King Totila, conquer Rome after a long siege, by bribing the Isaurian garrison.
1120 – The Council of Nablus is held, establishing the earliest surviving written laws of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem.
1362 – A storm tide in the North Sea destroys the German city of Rungholt on the island of Strand.
1412 – The Medici family is appointed official banker of the Papacy.
1492 – The first grammar of the Spanish language is presented to Queen Isabella I.
1547 – Ivan IV of Russia aka Ivan the Terrible becomes Tsar of Russia.
1556 – Philip II becomes King of Spain.
1572 – Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk is tried for treason for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England.
1581 – The English Parliament outlaws Roman Catholicism.
1605 – The first edition of El ingenioso hidalgo Don Quijote de la Mancha (Book One of Don Quixote) by Miguel de Cervantes is published in Madrid.
1707 – The Scottish Parliament ratifies the Act of Union, paving the way for the creation of Great Britain.
1761 – The British capture Pondicherry, India from the French.
1777 – Vermont declares its independence from New York.
1780 – American Revolution: Battle of Cape St. Vincent.
1809 – Peninsular War: The British defeat the French at the Battle of La Coruña.
1847 – John C. Fremont is appointed Governor of the new California Territory.
1878 – Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) – Battle of Plovdiv: Captain Burago with a squadron of Russian Imperial army dragoons liberates Plovdiv from Ottoman rule.
1883 – The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act, establishing the United States Civil Service, is passed.
1896 – Defeat of Cymru Fydd at South Wales Liberal Federation AGM, Newport, Monmouthshire.
1900 – The United States Senate accepts the Anglo-German treaty of 1899 in which the United Kingdom renounces its claims to the Samoan islands.
1909 – Ernest Shackleton's expedition finds the magnetic South Pole.
1919 – Temperance movement: The United States ratifies the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, authorizing Prohibition in the United States one year after ratification.
1942 – Crash of TWA Flight 3, killing all 22 aboard, including film star Carole Lombard.
1945 – Adolf Hitler moves into his underground bunker, the so-called Führerbunker.
1956 – President Gamal Abdal Nasser of Egypt vows to reconquer Palestine.
1968 – The Youth International Party is founded.
1969 – Czech student Jan Palach commits suicide by self-immolation in Prague, in protest against the Soviets' crushing of the Prague Spring the year before.
1970 – Buckminster Fuller receives the Gold Medal award from the American Institute of Architects.
1979 – The Shah of Iran flees Iran with his family and relocates to Egypt.
1986 – First meeting of the Internet Engineering Task Force.
1991 – The United States goes to war with Iraq, beginning the Gulf War (U.S. Time).
1992 – El Salvador officials and rebel leaders sign the Chapultepec Peace Accords in Mexico City ending a 12-year civil war that claimed at least 75,000.
2001 – The First surviving wikipedia edit is made: UuU
2001 – Congolese President Laurent-Désiré Kabila is assassinated by one of his own bodyguards.
2001 – US President Bill Clinton awards former President Theodore Roosevelt a posthumous Medal of Honor for his service in the Spanish-American War.
2002 – The UN Security Council unanimously establishes an arms embargo and the freezing of assets of Osama bin Laden, Al-Qaida, and the remaining members of the Taliban.
2003 – The Space Shuttle Columbia takes off for mission STS-107 which would be its final one. Columbia disintegrated 16 days later on re-entry.
2006 – Ellen Johnson-Sirleaf is sworn in as Liberia's new president. She becomes Africa's first female elected head of state.
######################################
d]Births:
1245 – Edmund Crouchback, son of Henry III of England (d. 1296)
1409 – René I of Naples (d. 1480)
1477 – Johannes Schöner, German astronomer and cartographer (d. 1547)
1501 – Anthony Denny, confidant of King Henry VIII of England (d. 1559)
1616 – François de Vendôme, duc de Beaufort, French soldier (d. 1669)
1626 – Lucas Achtschellinck, Flemish painter (d. 1699)
1634 – Dorthe Engelbrechtsdatter, Norwegian poet (d. 1716)
1675 – Louis de Rouvroy, duc de Saint-Simon, French writer (d. 1755)
1728 – Niccolò Piccinni, Italian composer (d. 1800)
1807 – Charles Henry Davis, American Civil War Admiral (d. 1877)
1815 – Henry W. Halleck, American Civil War general (d. 1872)
1821 – John C. Breckinridge, U.S. Vice-President and Confederate general (d. 1875)
1834 – Robert R. Hitt, American politician (d. 1906)
1836 – King Francis II of the Two Sicilies (d. 1894)
1838 – Franz Brentano, German philosopher and psychologist (d. 1917)
1844 – Ismail Qemali, Albanian nationalist (d. 1919)
1853 – Andre Michelin, French industrialist (d. 1931)
1853 – Sir Johnston Forbes-Robertson, English actor and theatre manager (d. 1937)
1853 – Gen Sir Ian Hamilton, British military commander (d. 1947)
1853 – Vladimir Sergeyevich Solovyov, Russian philosopher (d. 1900)
1872 – Edward Gordon Craig, English actor, producer, director and scenic designer (d. 1966)
1872 – Henri Busser, French composer (d. 1973)
1874 – Robert W. Service, Canadian poet (d. 1958)
1875 – Leonor Michaelis, German enzyme kinetic theorist (d. 1947)
1878 – Harry Carey, American silent film actor (d. 1947)
1885 – Zhou Zuoren, Chinese writer (d. 1967)
1886 – John Hamilton, American actor (d. 1958)
1888 – Osip Brik, Russian writer (d. 1945)
1893 – Daisy Kennedy, Australian violinist (d. 1981)
1894 – Irving Mills, American jazz music publisher (d. 1985)
1895 – Nat Schachner, American author (d. 1955)
1896 – Ruth Rose, American screenwriter (d. 1978)
1897 – Carlos Pellicer, Mexican poet (d. 1977)
1898 – Margaret Booth, American film editor (d. 2002)
1898 – Irving Rapper, UK-US film director (d. 1999)
1901 – Fulgencio Batista, Cuban leader (d. 1973)
1901 – Frank Zamboni, American inventor (d. 1988)
1902 – Eric Liddell, Scottish runner (d. 1945)
1903 – William Grover-Williams, English-French racing driver and WWII resistance fighter (d. 1945)
1905 – Ernesto Halffter, Spanish composer and conductor (d. 1989)
1906 – Diana Wynyard, British actress (d. 1964)
1907 – Alexander Knox, Canadian actor (d. 1995)
1907 – Paul Nitze, American government official (d. 2004)
1908 – Ethel Merman, American actress and singer (d. 1984)
1908 – Günther Prien, German World War II submarine captain (d. 1941)
1910 – Dizzy Dean, American baseball player (d. 1974)
1911 – Roger Lapébie, French cyclist (d. 1996)
1911 – Eduardo Frei Montalva, Chilean politician (d. 1982)
1914 – Roger Wagner, American choral musician (d. 1992)
1915 – Leslie H. Martinson, American television and film director.
1916 – Philip Lucock, Australian politician and Presbyterian minister (d. 1996)
1917 – Carl Karcher, founded the Carl's Jr. hamburger chain (d. 2008)
1918 – Nel Benschop, Dutch poet (d. 2005)
1918 – Clem Jones, Australian Lord Mayor of Brisbane (d. 2007)
1918 – Stirling Silliphant, American writer (d. 1996)
1918 – Allan Ekelund, Swedish film producer (d. 2009)
1920 – Alberto Crespo, Argentine racing driver (d. 1991)
1920 – Elliott Reid, American actor
1921 – Francesco Scavullo, American photographer (d. 2004)
1922 – Ernesto Bonino, Italian singer (d. 2008)
1923 – Gene Feist, American stage actor and producer
1923 – Anthony Hecht, American poet (d. 2004)
1924 – Katy Jurado, Mexican actress (d. 2002)
1928 – Pilar Lorengar, Spanish soprano (d. 1996)
1928 – William Kennedy, American author
1930 – Clarence Ray Allen, American murderer (d. 2006)
1930 – Norman Podhoretz, US writer, foreign policy adviser
1931 – Johannes Rau, German politician (d. 2006)
1932 – Dian Fossey, American zoologist (d. 1985)
1933 – Susan Sontag, American writer (d. 2004)
1934 – Marilyn Horne, American opera singer
1935 – A.J. Foyt, American race car driver and team owner
1937 – Lorraine Bayly, Australian actress
1937 – Luiz Bueno, Brazilian racing driver
1938 – Jô Soares, Brazilian author, musician and TV personality
1942 – René Angélil, Canadian music executive
1942 – Barbara Lynn, American singer
1943 – Gavin Bryars, English composer and double bassist
1943 – Brian Ferneyhough, British composer
1944 – Jim Stafford, American singer and songwriter
1946 – Kabir Bedi, Indian actor
1946 – Ronnie Milsap, American singer and songwriter
1946 – Katia Ricciarelli, Italian soprano
1947 – Magdalen Nabb, British author (d. 2007)
1947 – Harvey Proctor, British politician
1947 – Dr. Laura Schlessinger, American radio talk show host
1948 – John Carpenter, American film director
1948 – Dalvanius Prime, New Zealand entertainer (d. 2002)
1948 – Ruth Reichl, American magazine editor
1948 – Cliff Thorburn, Canadian snooker player
1949 – Andrew Refshauge, Australian politician, Deputy Premier of New South Wales
1950 – Debbie Allen, American dancer and choreographer
1950 – Brian Castro, Australian author
1950 – Damo Suzuki, Japanese singer (Can)
1950 – Caroline Munro, British actress
1950 – Robert Schimmel, American Comedian
1951 – Glenn Ordway, American radio talk show host
1952 – King Fuad II of Egypt
1952 – L. Blaine Hammond, NASA astronaut
1953 – Robert Jay Mathews, American neo-Nazi (d. 1984)
1955 – Jerry M. Linenger, NASA astronaut
1956 – Jennifer Dale, Canadian actress
1956 – Martin Jol, Dutch football manager
1956 – Ivan Safronov, Russian journalist (d. 2007)
1957 – Ricardo Darin, Argentine actor
1958 – Anatoli Boukreev, Russian climber (d. 1997)
1958 – Lena Ek, Swedish politician
1959 – Juanita Bynum, American televangelist
1959 – Sade, Nigerian-born singer
1961 – Paul Raven, English musician (Killing Joke) (d. 2007)
1961 – Jill Sobule, American singer-songwriter
1962 – Joel Fitzgibbon, Australian politician
1962 – Paul Webb, British musician (Talk Talk, .O.rang)
1962 – Tracey Moore, voice actress
1963 – James May, English television presenter
1965 – Maxine Jones, American singer (En Vogue)
1968 – David Chokachi, American actor
1969 – Dead, Swedish black metal vocalist (Mayhem) (d. 1991)
1969 – Roy Jones Jr., American boxer
1969 – Neil Back, England rugby player
1970 – Garth Ennis, Irish comic book author
1970 – Brendan O'Hare, Scottish drummer (Teenage Fanclub, Telstar Ponies)
1970 – Ron Villone, American baseball player
1971 – Sergi Bruguera, Spanish tennis player
1972 – Ruben Bagger, Danish footballer
1972 – Ang Christou, Australian rules footballer
1972 – Dameon Clarke, Canadian actor
1972 – Yuri Drozdov, Russian footballer
1972 – Ezra Hendrickson, Vincentian footballer
1972 – Salah Hissou, Moroccan long-distance runner
1972 – Joe Horn, American football player
1972 – Richard T. Jones, American actor
1972 – Greg Page, Australian musician and actor
1972 – Alen Peternac, Croatian footballer
1973 – Josie Davis, American actress
1974 – Marlon Anderson, American baseball player
1974 – Kate Moss, English model
1975 – Greg Strause, American visual effects creator
1975 – Gillian Iliana Waters, American actress
1976 – Viktor Maslov, Russian racing driver
1976 – Martina Moravcová, Slovak female swimmer
1977 – Ariel Zeevi, Israeli judoka
1977 – Jeff Foster, American basketball player
1978 – Alfredo Amézaga, Mexican baseball player
1979 – Aaliyah, American R&B singer/actress (d. 2001)
1979 – Brenden Morrow, Canadian ice hockey player
1979 – Jason Ward, Canadian ice hockey player
1980 – Seydou Keita, Malian footballer
1980 – Lin Manuel Miranda, American actor, composer, lyricist (In The Heights)
##################################
d]Deaths
960 – Polyeuctus, Patriarch of Constantinople
1387 – Elizabeth of Bosnia, Hungarian queen and regent (b. 1340)
1400 – John Holland, 1st Duke of Exeter, English politician (b. 1352)
1545 – George Spalatin, German reformer (b. 1484)
1547 – Johannes Schöner, German astronomer and cartographer (b. 1477)
1554 – Christiern Pedersen, Danish humanist (b. 1480)
1585 – Edward Clinton, 1st Earl of Lincoln, English admiral (b. 1512)
1659 – Charles Annibal Fabrot, French lawyer (b. 1580)
1710 – Emperor Higashiyama of Japan (b. 1675)
1711 – Joseph Vaz, Apostle of Ceylon (b. 1651)
1747 – Barthold Heinrich Brockes, German poet (b. 1680)
1748 – Arnold Drakenborch, Dutch classical scholar (b. 1684)
1750 – Ivan Trubetskoy, Russian field marshall (b. 1667)
1752 – Francis Blomefield, English topographer (b. 1705)
1794 – Edward Gibbon, English historian (b. 1737)
1809 – John Moore, British general (b. 1761)
1817 – Alexander J. Dallas, American statesman (b. 1759)
1826 – Lindley Murray, grammarian (b. 1745)
1834 – Jean Nicolas Pierre Hachette, French mathematician (b. 1769)
1856 – Thaddeus William Harris, American naturalist (b. 1795)
1864 – Anton Schindler, Austrian biographer of Beethoven (b. 1795)
1865 – Edmond François Valentin About, French writer (b. 1828)
1879 – Octave Crémazie, French Canadian poet (b. 1827)
1886 – Amilcare Ponchielli, Italian opera composer (b. 1834)
1891 – Léo Delibes, French composer (b. 1836)
1898 – Charles Pelham Villiers, British Member of Parliament (b. 1802)
1901 – Jules Barbier, French opera librettist (b. 1825)
1901 – Arnold Böcklin, Swiss painter (b. 1827)
1901 – Hiram Revels, first African-American to serve in the U. S. Senate (b. 1822)
1906 – Marshall Field, American entrepreneur (b. 1834)
1917 – George Dewey, American admiral (b. 1837)
1919 – Francisco de Paula Rodrigues Alves, President of Brazil (b. 1848)
1920 – Reginald De Koven, American music critic and operetta composer (b. 1859)
1924 – Winifred Cochrane, Countess of Dundonald, Scottish philanthropist (b. 1859)
1935 – Ma Barker, American criminal (b. 1871)
1936 – Albert Fish, American serial killer (b. 1870)
1942 – Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria (b. 1850)
1942 – Carole Lombard, American actress (b. 1908)
1957 – 1st Earl of Athlone, British royal, brother of Queen Mary (b. 1874)
1957 – Arturo Toscanini, Italian conductor (b. 1867)
1962 – Ivan Meštrović, Croatian sculptor (b. 1883)
1962 – Frank Hurley, Australian photographer (b. 1885)
1963 – Ike Quebec, American tenor-saxophone player (b. 1918)
1967 – Robert J. Van de Graaff, American nuclear physicist (b. 1901)
1968 – Bob Jones, Sr, American evangelist (b. 1883)
1969 – Vernon Duke, American composer and songwriter (b. 1903)
1969 – Jan Palach, Czech political protester (b. 1948)
1971 – Philippe Thys, Belgian cyclist (b. 1890)
1972 – Teller Ammons, American politician (b. 1895)
1972 – Ross Bagdasarian, Sr. (David Seville), American actor (b. 1919)
1979 – Ted Cassidy, American actor (b. 1932)
1979 – August Heissmeyer, German SS officer (b. 1897)
1981 – Bernard Lee, English actor (b. 1908)
1982 – Red Smith, American sports columnist (b. 1905)
1985 – Robert Fitzgerald, American poet and translator (b. 1910)
1986 – Herbert W. Armstrong, American evangelist, author, and publisher (b. 1892)
1987 – Bertram Wainer, Australian pro-abortion campaigner (b. 1928)
1988 – Andrija Artuković, Croatian war criminal (b. 1899)
1988 – Ballard Berkeley, English actor (b. 1904)
1989 – Prem Nazir, Malayalam actor (b. 1926)
1993 – Jón Páll Sigmarsson, Icelandic strength athlete (b. 1960)
1993 – Glenn Corbett, American actor (b. 1930)
1995 – Eric Mottram, English poet, teacher, critic, and editor (b. 1924)
1996 – Marcia Davenport, American author and music critic (b. 1903)
1997 – Ennis Cosby, son of entertainer Bill Cosby (b. 1969)
1998 – Dimitris Horn, Greek actor (b. 1921)
1999 – Jim McClelland, Australian solicitor and politician (b. 1915)
2000 – Will "Dub" Jones, American singer (The Coasters) (b. 1928)
2000 – John Morris Rankin, Canadian musical entertainer (b. 1959)
2001 – Laurent-Désiré Kabila, President of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (b. 1939)
2001 – Auberon Waugh, British author and journalist (b. 1939)
2002 – Michael Bilandic, Mayor of Chicago (b. 1923)
2002 – Robert Hanbury Brown, British astronomer and physicist (b. 1916)
2002 – Bobo Olson, American boxer (b. 1928)
2002 – Eddie Meduza, Swedish composer (b. 1948)
2002 – Ron Taylor, American actor (b. 1952)
2003 – Richard Wainwright, English politician (b. 1918)
2004 – Kalevi Sorsa, Prime Minister of Finland (b. 1930)
2005 – Marjorie Williams, American journalist (b. 1958)
2006 – Stanley Biber, American surgeon (b. 1923)
2007 – Ron Carey, American actor (b. 1935)
2007 – Benny Parsons, American racecar driver and commentator (b. 1941)
2009 – Joe Erskine, American boxer and long distance runner (b. 1930)
2009 – John Mortimer, British barrister, screenwriter and author. (b. 1923)
2009 – Andrew Wyeth, American realist painter (b. 1917)
[ Holidays and observances
Teacher's Day in Thailand
National Religious Freedom Day in the United States, to commemorate the adoption of Thomas Jefferson's landmark Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom in 1786
Berard of Carbio
Saint Fursey
Honoratus of Arles
January 16 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics)
الرئيسية 
التسجيل 
دخول 
السبت أكتوبر 16, 2010 8:56 pm