History of Pakistan
==============
1933
Choudhary Rahmat Ali, a student at Cambridge, coined the name Pakistan 14 years before the country came into existence.
It was an acronym derived from the regions Punjab, Afghania and Kashmir and Sind.
(SSFC, 12/17/06, p.G5)
-----------------------------------------
31-5-1935
In Quetta, India (later Pakistan), a magnitude 7.5 earthquake killed some 50,000 people. The earthquake flattened Quetta, killing an estimated 26,000 people in the city alone, more than half its population.
(AP, 12/27/03)(AP, 10/15/05)
------------------------------
1936-1947
Mirza Ali Khan (d.1960), a Wazir of North Waziristan known as the Faqir of Ipi, led a freedom struggle that at one point sucked in some 40,000 British Indian troops. The struggle was only quelled by brutal aerial bombing.
(Econ, 1/2/10, p.19)
-------------------------
1943
Bangladesh, while still part of Pakistan, experienced a famine.
(Econ, 11/3/12, p.23)
-------------------------
3-6-1947
In Britain an announcement was made in the House of Commons that India was to be partitioned and that independence would follow. In 2007 Yasmin Khan authored “The Great Partition: The Making of India and Pakistan.”
(Econ, 7/21/07, p.81)
-------------------------
15-6-1947
The All-Indian Congress accepted a British plan for the partition of India. Britain partitioned the subcontinent.
(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A9)(HN, 6/15/98)
-------------------------
14-8-1947
Pakistan was founded as an independent country. The Muslim areas in the east and west became independent Pakistan with Mohammed Ali Jinnah as president. Independence in Pakistan and India led to bloody conflicts and thousands died.
(WSJ, 1/9/95, A-8)(TMC, 1994, p.1947)(WSJ, 12/21/95, p.A-12)(WSJ, 5/16/96, p.A-10)(SFC, 7/1/97, p.A9)(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)
-------------------------
27-10-1947
The Hindu maharajah of Muslim-majority Kashmir joined India. The accession, not recognized by Pakistan, led to a war.
(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.A22)(SFC, 6/8/02, p.A20)
-------------------------
1947
The 664 princely states of India were given the choice of which country they wanted to join. Although most of the people of Kashmir were Muslim, the maharaja was Hindu and he appealed to India for help.
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.C2)
-------------------------
1947
Mohajirs are Muslims who migrated from India after the subcontinent was partitioned. They were politically dominant in the southern province of Sindh.
(SFC, 2/12/98, p.C3)(WSJ, 10/8/98, p.A13)
-------------------------
1947
At the time of India’s partition and the creation of Pakistan, many Muslim Biharis moved to what was then East Bengal. In 1971, when war broke out between West Pakistan and East Pakistan (or Bangladesh), the Biharis, who mostly considered themselves Pakistani, sided with West Pakistan.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biharis)
-------------------------
1947
The initial Pakistani army numbered about 50,000 and established its headquarters in Rawalpindi. By 1999 the force numbered 500,000.
(SFEC, 10/31/99, p.A25)
-------------------------
1947 Britain withdrew from India. Pakistan was carved out of Indian and Afghan lands.
(
www.afghan-web.com/history/)-------------------------
1947
A Pushtun force of Wazirs and Mehsuds poured into Kashmir for the newly formed Islamic republic of Pakistan, sparking the first Indo-Pakistan war.
(Econ, 1/2/10, p.17)(Econ, 5/21/11, p.48)
-------------------------
1948 May,
India and Pakistan went to war over the Himalayan region of Kashmir, which was divided between the two nations at partition. The Pakistani third was known as Jammu and Kashmir, while India controlled the eastern two-thirds where 8 million people lived.
(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)(WSJ, 5/22/98, p.A15)
-------------------------
11-9-1948
Mohammed Ali Jinnah (b.1876, 1st governor of Pakistan (1947-48), died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muhammad_Ali_Jinnah)
-------------------------
1948
Govindas Vishnoodas Desani (1909-2000), Kenya-born Pakistani writer in England, authored “All About Hatterr,” his novel of an absurdist and mystical odyssey in India. In 1968 he was invited to teach at the Univ. of Texas and spent 11 years there.
(SSFC, 12/2/07, p.M1)
-------------------------
1948
Pakistan established its Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) to protect the country against foreign and domestic security threats.
(WSJ, 12/31/08, p.A6)
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1-1-1949
The UN brokered a cease-fire in Kashmir. It granted Kashmir the right to vote on whether to remain in India or to join Pakistan. No vote took place.
(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.A22)(SFC, 6/8/02, p.A20)
-------------------------
16-10-1951
Pakistan’s PM Liaquat Ali Khan (b.1896), son of a Punjabi prince, was assassinated in Rawalpindi, ushering in a period of political instability.
(WSJ, 1/28/08, p.A12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaquat_Ali_Khan)
-------------------------
3-3-1953
Canadian Comet crashed at Karachi, 11 killed.
(SC, 3/3/02)
-------------------------
21-6-1953
Benazir Bhutto, Prime Minister of Pakistan, was born. She was elected in 1988 after the military regime had agreed to free elections following the death of President Zhia.
(WP, 6/29/96, p.A20)(Camelot, 6/21/99)
-------------------------
2-11-1953
Pakistan became an Islamic republic.
(MC, 11/2/01)
-------------------------
1953
The first attempt to scale K2, the world’s 2nd tallest mountain, was made by 7 Americans led by Charles Houston and Robert Bates. The mountain straddled China and Pakistan. In 1954 they authored “K2: The Savage Mountain.
(WSJ, 4/28/07, p.P8)
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1954 Apr,
In Pakistan the government issued the Munir Report, an eloquent expression of the state’s position on religion. This was made in response to Muslim leaders in the Punjab who agitated in 1953 to have a rival group declassified as Muslims.
(WSJ, 4/4/08, p.W5)(http://aaiil.info/misconceptions/fatwas/munir.htm)
-------------------------
31-7-1954
Italians Lino Lacedelli (1925-2009) and Achille Compagnoni (1915-2009) first scaled Pakistan’s K-2, the world's second-highest mountain. In 2004 Lacedelli authored “K2: The Price of Conquest.”
(AP, 7/27/04)(SSFC, 11/29/09, p.C8)
-------------------------
8-9-1954
SEATO (Southeast Asia Treaty Organization), a sister organization to NATO, was created under the Manila Pact by the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty, to stop communist spread in Southeast Asia (Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos). The United States, Australia, France, Great Britain, New Zealand, the Philippines, Pakistan, and Thailand signed the mutual defense treaty. SEATO dissolved in 1977.
(HNQ, 4/2/01)(http://tinyurl.com/hpawj)
-------------------------
1955
Iraq joined with Britain, Turkey, Iran and Pakistan in the Baghdad Pact, a loose alliance intended to check soviet influence in the region. The Baghdad Pact was formed at the prompting of the U.S. in an effort to block Soviet pressures on the northern tier of Middle Eastern states. The U.S. provided military and economic aid to the pact members.
(HNQ, 7/28/98)(SFC, 9/24/02, p.A10)
-------------------------
23-3-1956
Pakistan became an independent republic within the British Commonwealth. Officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Pakistan became the first Islamic republic,
(HFA, '96, p.26)(AHD, p.943)(AP, 3/23/97) (HN, 3/23/98)
-------------------------
12-5-1956
East Pakistan was struck by a cyclone and tidal waves.
(SC, internet, 5/12/97)
-------------------------
1956
Khushwant Singh (1915-2014), Indian lawyer and journalist, authored "Train to Pakistan," a short, powerful novel about the horrors of partition, when colonial India was carved into modern India and Pakistan and about 1 million people died amid the chaos. It became a classic.
(AP, 1/1/10)(Econ, 4/5/14, p.82)
-------------------------
29-9-1957
In Montgomery, West Pakistan (later renamed to Sahiwal, Pakistan), an express train collided with stationary oil train and 250 people were killed.
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)
-------------------------
7-10-1958
In Pakistan President Iskander Mirza abrogated the Constitution and declared Martial Law in the country. Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan was named chief martial law administrator.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayub_Khan)
-------------------------
27-10-1958
In Pakistan Field Marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan carried out the country’s first military coup. He announced that "our ultimate aim is to restore democracy but of the type that people can understand." Corruption had become so widespread within the national and civic systems of administration that Ayub Khan was welcomed as a national hero by the people. This launched more than a decade of military rule.
(
www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A065)(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)(SFEC, 11/21/99, p.A22)
-------------------------
11-6-1960
In Pakistan a house packed with wedding celebrants collapsed killing 30.
(SC, 6/11/02)
-------------------------
19-9-1960
India and Pakistan signed the Indus Waters Treaty.
(Econ, 5/22/10, SR p.18)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Waters_Treaty)
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11-10-1960
A hurricane ravaged East Pakistan and some 6,000 died.
(MC, 10/11/01)
-------------------------
1960
Islamabad was designed as a forward capital of Pakistan to replace Karachi. Islamabad and the ancient Gakhar city of Rawalpindi stand side by side, displaying the country’s past and present.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamabad)
-------------------------
1963 Mar,
Pakistan and China signed a historic border agreement. Three years later, the two countries agreed to construct a road that would provide a hitherto non-existent road-link for mutual benefit. In 1978 the Karakoram Highway from Kashgar, China, to the edge of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, was completed.
(
www.pakpost.gov.pk/philately/stamps2003/karakoram_highway.html)-------------------------
20-5-1963
to :- 23-5-1963
In East Pakistan a cyclone killed about 22,000 along coast of the Bay of Bengal.
(
www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)-------------------------
1963
Islamabad replaced Karachi as the capital of Pakistan.
(http://wikitravel.org/en/Islamabad)
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5-4-1965
The second Indo-Pakistani conflict began when fighting broke out in the Rann of Kachchh, a sparsely inhabited region along the West Pakistan-India border.
(Encyclopaedia.com, 2002)
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9-4-1965
Border fight between India and Pakistan.
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25-5-1965
India and Pakistan engaged in border fights.
(SC, 5/25/02)
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6-8-1965
Indian troops invaded Pakistan. Indo-Pakistani fighting spread to Kashmir and to the Punjab, The 2nd Indo-Pakistani conflict started without a formal declaration of war. Skirmishes with Indian forces started as early as August 6 or 7.
(http://ph.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0858805.html)(MC, 8/6/02)
-------------------------
14-8-1965
The first major engagement between the regular armed forces of India and Pakistan took place. The next day, Indian forces scored a major victory after a prolonged artillery barrage and captured three important mountain positions in the northern sector. Later in the month, the Pakistanis counterattacked, moving concentrations near Tithwal, Uri, and Punch. Their move, in turn, provoked a powerful Indian thrust into Azad Kashmir. Other Indian forces captured a number of strategic mountain positions and eventually took the key Haji Pir Pass, eight kilometers inside Pakistani territory.
(Encyclopaedia.com, 2002)(http://ph.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0858805.html)
-------------------------
1:19-9-1965
Indian gains led to a major Pakistani counterattack in the southern sector, in Punjab, where Indian forces were caught unprepared and suffered heavy losses. The sheer strength of the Pakistani thrust, which was spearheaded by seventy tanks and two infantry brigades, led Indian commanders to call in air support. Pakistan retaliated on September 2 with its own air strikes in both Kashmir and Punjab.
(http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr65/fkashmir1965)
(WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A12)(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)(HN, 9/6/98)(SFC, 6/8/02, p.A20)(MC, 9/1/02)(Encyclopaedia.com, 2002)
-------------------------
20-9-1965
The India-Pakistani war was at the point of stalemate when the UN Security Council unanimously passed a resolution that called for a cease-fire. New Delhi accepted the cease-fire resolution on September 21 and Islamabad on September 22, and the war ended on September 23. The Indian side lost 3,000 while the Pakistani side suffered 3,800 battlefield deaths.
(http://www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr65/fkashmir1965)
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22-9-1965
Pakistan agreed to the UN brokered cease-fire that India affirmed the day before. [see Jan 10, 1966]
(HNQ, 4/26/99)
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15-12-1965
In Karachi, Pakistan, a cyclone killed some 10,000 people.
(
www.emergency-management.net/cyclone.htm)-------------------------
10-1-1966
The Tashkent Agreement, was signed in the Soviet city of Tashkent, and officially ended a 17-day war between Pakistan and India. It required that both sides withdraw by February 26, 1966, to positions held prior to August 5, 1965, and observe the cease-fire line agreed to on June 30, 1965. The agreement was brokered by Soviet premier Aleksey Kosygin and signed by Indian Prime Minister Lal Bahadur Shastri and Pakistan President Ayub Khan. The Indian prime minister died the day after signing the agreement.
(HNQ, 4/26/99)(
www.onwar.com/aced/chrono/c1900s/yr65/fkashmir1965)-------------------------
1967
The Pakistan People’s Party (PPP) was formed under Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
(Econ, 7/8/06, Survey p.7)
-------------------------
1967
Pakistan’s 7-year, $518 million Mangla Dam project on the River Jhelum was completed. Richard Byers (d.2004) served as chief project engineer for the Guy F. Atkinson Co.
(
www.waterinfo.net.pk/pdf/md.pdf)(SFC, 12/22/04, p.B4)
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5-9-1968
Hijackers killed 21 people aboard a Pan Am jet in Karachi Pakistan.
(MC, 9/5/01)
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1968
Baba Hassan Din, English convert to Sufism, died in Lahore, Pakistan. In the 1950’s he had adopted a boy named Hafiz Iqbal, and raised him to be a scholar. Both were later recognized as Sufi saints.
(Econ, 12/20/08, p.73)
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14-4-1969
Tornado struck Dacca in East Pakistan killing 540.
(MC, 4/14/02)
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1969-1971
Gen. Yahya Khan led Pakistan’s military regime. “US Pres. Richard Nixon was fond of Gen. Yahya Khan, a gruff, dim-witted, whiskey drinking general.”
(WSJ, 7/28/05, p.D8)(Econ, 9/21/13, p.90)
-------------------------
28-6-1970 or 29-6-1970 :
Reinhold and Gunther Messner of Tyrol, Italy, reached the 26,650-foot peak of Nanga Parbat in northern Pakistan. Gunther (24) died during the descent. In 2005 Reinhold retrieved his brother’s remains.
(WSJ, 12/10/03, p.A1)(SFC, 9/5/05, p.A2)
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7-12-1970
In Pakistan polling began for 300 seats in the National Assembly. The Awami League, led by Sheik Mujibur Rahman, emerged as the single largest party in the National Assembly by winning 160 seats. It was also able to win 288 out of 300 seats in the East Pakistan Assembly. However, the party failed to win even a single seat in the four Provincial Assemblies of West Pakistan. The Pakistan People’s Party, led by landlord Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, won a majority in West Pakistan. Mr. Bhutto and military leader, Gen. Yahya Khan, refused to honor the results.
(
www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A140&Pg=2)(Econ, 9/21/13, p.90)
-------------------------
1970
Chester Bowles (1901-1986), former governor of Connecticut and US ambassador to India and Nepal (1951-1953), wrote a piece in the NY Times titled “Will We Ever Learn in Asia.” Here he outlined America’s alliance with Pakistan and prophesied that contradictions underlying the alliance would harm vital American interests.
(SSFC, 1/6/08, p.E1)
-------------------------
1970s
In the late 1970s Gen. Zia al-Huq enacted the Hudood Ordinances based on strict Islamic principles, which criminalized extramarital intimacy and left the burden of proof on rape victims.
(SFC, 4/5/02, p.A10)
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21-3-1971
Sheik Mujibur Rahman (Mujeeb-ur Rehman), head of the Awami League, declared East Pakistan (later Bangladesh) independent of Pakistan. Pakistani Pres. Yahya Khan ordered the army in; several million East Bengali refugees fled to India. Rahman was the father of later PM Hasina Wajid.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Pakistan)(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 12/31/00, p.B3)
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25-3-1971
Sheik Mujibur Rahman was arrested in Dhaka. Pakistani forces started Operation Searchlight, a systematic plan to eliminate any resistance. Thousands of people were killed in student dormitories and police barracks in Dhaka.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)
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26-3-1971
East Pakistan proclaimed its independence, taking the name Bangladesh. [See Mar 21] This is considered the official Independence day of Bangladesh.
(AP, 3/26/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War)
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27-3-1971
PM of India, Indira Gandhi, expressed full support of her government to the Bangladeshi struggle for independence. The Bangladesh-India border was opened to allow the Bangladeshi Refugees safe shelter in India.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)
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20-8-1971
Pakistani pilot Rashid Minhas (b.1951) foiled attempts by his instructor to defect with an air force plane to archrival India. To stop the escape, Minhas disabled the controls of the plane the two were flying, and died in the resulting crash.
(AFP, 8/16/12)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid_Minhas)
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3-12-1971
The 3rd Indo-Pakistani war began when India intervened in the Pakistani civil war. Pakistan attacked Indian airfields and India mobilized its army after nearly 10 million refugees poured into India. The India-Pakistani civil war ended with independence for East Pakistan, now Bangladesh.
(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)(SFC, 6/12/99, p.A12)(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.A22)
-------------------------
6-12-1971
India recognized the Democratic Republic of Bangladesh and Pakistan broke off diplomatic relations. Bangladesh later accused Pakistan of war atrocities that led to the death of some 3 million people during the 9-month war.
(WUD, 1994, p. 1688)(SFC, 12/31/00, p.B3)
-------------------------
6-12-1971
Bangladesh became independent from Pakistan following a 9-month war in a struggle led by Sheik Mujibar Rahman. Sheik Rahman was nominated as president on Dec 20 and released from prison on Dec 22; he returned to Bangladesh Jan 10.
(SFC, 5/21/96, p.A-10)
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16-12-1971
Pakistani forces in East Pakistan surrendered to the allied forces of India and Bangladesh, jointly known as the Mitro Bahini. Bangladesh gained independence. Bangladesh later accused Pakistan of war atrocities that led to the death of some 3 million people during the 9-month war.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)(SFC, 12/31/00, p.B3)
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17-12-1971
A cease fire began between India and Pakistan in East Pakistan.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Pakistani_War_of_1971)
-------------------------
20-12-1971
In Pakistan Ali Zulfikar Bhutto (1928-1979), a Sindhi landlord, took over as President and Chief Martial Law Administrator. He implemented a policy of quotas that promoted the Sindhi language and favored rural Sindhis over Urdu-speaking Muhajirs in university admissions and public sector jobs. This led to a student movement, led by Altaf Hussein and Farooq Sattar, that later became the Muttahida Qaumi Movement (MQM).
(
www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P019&Pg=2)(Econ, 5/25/13, p.44)
-------------------------
20-12-1971
Sheik Mujibar Rahman was nominated as president of Bangladesh. He was released from prison in Pakistan on Dec 22 and returned to Bangladesh Jan 10.
(SFC, 5/21/96, p.A-10)
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1971
Pakistan’s Gen. Tikka Khan (1915-2002) led the crackdown against Bengali separatists. His tactics won him the name “Butcher of Bengal.” From 1972-1976 he served as Chief of the Army Staff under PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto.
(SFC, 3/29/02, p.A24)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tikka_Khan)
-------------------------
1971
The US under Pres. Nixon sent military planes and other material to Pakistan as East Pakistan fought for independence. Nixon, at the behest of national security advisor Henry Kisinger, also deployed a naval task force to the Bay of Bengal to intimidate India.
(Econ, 9/21/13, p.90)
-------------------------
1971
Archer Blood, the senior US consul-general in Dhaka, sent regular, detailed and accurate reports of the bloodshed that was taking place in East Pakistan. In 2013 Gary Bass authored “The Blood Telegram: Nixon, MKissinger and the Forgotten Genocide.”
(Econ, 9/21/13, p.90)
-------------------------
1971
Following Pakistan’s defeat by India and Bangladesh in the Bangladesh war, Pakistan decided to develop a nuclear weapons program.
(SFC, 5/28/98, p.A9)
-------------------------
1971
Gholam Azom (aka Ghulam Azam b.1922)) led the Jamaat-e-Islami party. The party’s student wing organized a militia, called Al Badr, to support the West Pakistan army during the war for independence. As the former Ameer of Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, Azom opposed the independence of Bangladesh during and after the 1971 war and led the formation of Shanti Committee, Razakar and Al-Badr to thwart the Mukti Bahini that fought for independence.
{Pakistan, Bangladesh}
(Econ, 3/26/11, p.49)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghulam_Azam)
-------------------------
2-7-1972
India and Pakistan signed the Simla Agreement that provided for a bilateral settlement of disputes and a "Line of Control" in Kashmir. Article 6 of the accord clearly states: "Both governments agree... to discuss further the modalities and arrangements for the establishment of durable peace and normalization of relations," including "a final settlement of the Jammu and Kashmir."
{India, Pakistan, Kashmir}
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shimla_Agreement)(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.A22)
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29-10-1972
Palestinian guerrillas killed an airport employee and hijacked a plane, carrying 27 passengers, to Cuba. They forced West Germany to release 3 terrorists who were involved in the Munich Massacre.
(HN, 10/29/98)
-------------------------
1972
A 675-page report on the 1971 Pakistani defeat by Indian forces was written by a commission under Justice Hamoodur Rahman and called the surrender of Pakistani forces in East Pakistan shameful. The report was not declassified until 2000.
(SFC, 12/31/00, p.B3)
-------------------------
1973
A constitution was written and gave parliament the authority to elect the president and prime minister. It was suspended by Gen. Musharraf in 1999.
(SFC, 3/23/02, p.A13)
-------------------------
1973
Kashmir Singh (b.1941) was arrested for espionage in the Pakistani city of Rawalpindi. His cover story was that he was a trader in electronic goods traveling on business. During his trial in the 1970s, Singh had repeatedly denied he was an agent for Indian military intelligence. Following his release in 2008 he admitted that he had been a spy.
(AP, 3/8/08)
-------------------------
1973-1974
In Pakistan sporadic fighting between the Baluchi insurgency and the army started in 1973. The largest confrontation took place in September 1974 when around 15,000 Balochs fought the Pakistani Army and the Air Force.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloch_Insurgency_and_Rahimuddin's_Stabilization)
-------------------------
1973-1979
Some 15,000 Balochi men, women and children were killed by the Pakistan army and the Frontier Corps.
(
www.tribuneindia.com/2005/20050124/nation.htm)-------------------------
1-1-1974
Nawab Akbar Shahbaz Khan Bugti (1927-2006), governor of Balochistan, Pakistan, resigned shortly after Bhutto launched an army operation in Balochistan. The army had deployed 100,000 men in Baluchistan and with the help of the Iranian air force killed large numbers of Baluchis.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawab_Akbar_Bugti)
-------------------------
22-2-1974
Pakistan officially recognized Bangladesh.
(http://pakistanspace.tripod.com/74.htm)(http://tinyurl.com/58uluz)
-------------------------
1974 Sep,
In Pakistan the army put down a tribal rebellion in Baluchistan, reportedly leaving about 3,000 dead. Some 15,000 Balochs fought the Pakistani Army and the Air Force.
(AP, 8/28/06)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baloch_Insurgency_and_Rahimuddin's_Stabilization)
-------------------------
30-11-1974
India and Pakistan in accordance with the Simla Agreement, signed a Protocol for Trade. This Protocol ended a 10-year trade ban and expired in 1978.
(http://publishedforscholar.wordpress.com/2006/12/18/india-pakistan-relations/)
-------------------------
28-12-1974
The 6.0 Patan earthquake in Pakistan killed some 5,300 people.
(http://earthquake.usgs.gov/regional/world/events/1974_12_28.php)
-------------------------
1974
The Pakistan People’s Party under PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto passed a constitutional amendment to declare Ahmadis to be ‘non-Muslim’ through a constitutional amendment.
(http://ahmadiyyatimes.blogspot.com/2010/06/pakistan-since-second-amendment.html)
-------------------------
1975
Pakistan’s PM Zulfikar Ali Bhuto created a political cell within the Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) through an executive order. The cell monitors Pakistani politics and politicians.
(WSJ, 12/31/08, p.A6)
-------------------------
1975
Pakistan’s atomic development program took off with the return of Dr. Abdul Qadeer Khan (b.1935), a Belgian trained metallurgist. China was reported to have supplied highly enriched uranium and a nuclear bomb design. Khan was convicted in absentia by the Netherlands in 1983 for stealing confidential material, but the conviction was later overturned on a technicality. Khan retired in 2001.
(SFC, 5/28/98, p.A9)(ST, 1/28/04, p.A9)
-------------------------
1-4-1976
Pakistan’s PM Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto appointed Zia-ul-Haq as Chief of Army Staff, ahead of a number of more senior officers.
(
www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=6887)-------------------------
7-3-1977
Ali Bhutto's Pakistan People's Party won elections.
(
www.storyofpakistan.com/articletext.asp?artid=A142)-------------------------
5-7-1977
Pakistan's army under Gen Mohammad Zia ul-Haq seized power. The civilian government was ousted by the military and martial law was imposed.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.B3)(SFEC, 8/3/97, p.A15)(
www.ppp.org.pk/history.html)-------------------------
1977 Oct,
Pakistan’s Gen. Zia ul-Haq (1924-1988) announced the postponement of the electoral plan and decided to start an accountability process of the politicians.
(
www.storyofpakistan.com/person.asp?perid=P020&Pg=2)-------------------------
1977
Pakistan’s Gen. Zia-ul-Haq said: "The survival of this country lies in democracy and democracy alone."
(SFEC, 11/21/99, p.A22)
-------------------------
6-9-1978
James Wickwire of Seattle and Louis Reichardt of San Francisco became the first Americans to reach the summit of Pakistan's K-2, the world's second-highest mountain.
(AP, 9/6/03)
-------------------------
2-12-1978
Pakistan’s General Muhammad Zia-ul-Haq delivered a nationwide address on the occasion of the first day of the Hijra calendar. He did this in order to usher in an Islamic system.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization)
-------------------------
1978
The Karakoram Highway from Kashgar, China, to the edge of Rawalpindi, Pakistan, was completed.
(NH, 5/96, p.9)
-------------------------
1978
The Islamic law of hudood was enacted to ban “all forms of adultery, whether the offense is committed with or without the consent of the parties.”
(SFC, 5/17/02, p.A12)
-------------------------
1978-2008
India over this period exchanged 949 Pakistani fishermen in exchange for 2,304 Indian fishermen, which each side had apprehended for wandering into their respective waters in the disputed Sir Creek area. In early 2009 trade unions said India still held 357 Pakistani fishermen and that Pakistan held 48 Indian fishermen.
(WSJ, 1/13/08, p.A10)
-------------------------
4-4-1979
Zulfikar Ali Bhutto (51), the deposed prime minister of Pakistan, was hanged after he was convicted of conspiring to murder a political opponent.
(AP, 4/4/99)(HN, 4/4/99)
-------------------------
6-4-1979
The U.S. cut off aid to Pakistan, because of that country’s covert construction of a uranium enrichment facility.
(HNQ, 11/14/99)
-------------------------
21-11-1979
A mob attacked the US Embassy in Islamabad, Pakistan, killing two Americans.
(AP, 11/21/99)
-------------------------
1979
Mohammad Zia ul-Haq, military dictator of Pakistan, began his Islamization program. It declared drinking a “heinous crime” punishable by public flogging and led many people to turn to drugs.
(SFC, 4/20/00, p.A16)
-------------------------
1979
Pakistan introduced the Hudood ordinances, which included a clause stating that to prove rape, a woman must have at least 4 male witnesses. If the woman fails to provide proof, she herself faces the charge of adultery.
(SSFC, 7/9/06, p.A18)
-------------------------
1979
Refugee camps were established around Peshawar, Pakistan, for those fleeing Afghanistan following the Soviet invasion.
(SSFC, 9/30/01, p.A19)
-------------------------
1979
Abdus Salam (1926-1990), Pakistan-born physicist, shared the Nobel Prize in physics with Sheldon Glashow and Steven Weinberg for work on unifying the electromagnetic force and the weak nuclear force.
(SFC, 11/22/96, p.A28)(
www.nobelprizes.com/nobel/physics/1979b.html)-------------------------
1979-1988
Under the rule of Gen. Mohammed Zia al-Huq madrassas (religious schools) were established among the refugees to help repel the presumed threat of Communism.
(WSJ, 10/2/01, p.A14)
-------------------------
13-1-1980
The United States offered Pakistan a two-year aid plan to counter the Soviet threat in Afghanistan.
(HN, 1/13/99)
-------------------------
1980
The Nazoo Anna School was founded in Peshawar, Pakistan, for girls from Afghan refugee camps by Nazaneen Jabarkhel Majeed. It was named after a female Afghan freedom fighter.
(SFC, 7/16/99, p.A10)
-------------------------
1980
Pakistan made the payment of zakat, 2.5 percent religious tax, to the government mandatory for Sunni Muslims under the military dictator Gen. Zia-ul-Haq, one of a variety of actions he took in an attempt to make the state more religious.
(AFP, 8/17/12)
-------------------------
1980
Pakistan was established a national sharia court during the rule of military dictator Ziaul Haq as part of a sweeping Islamization of Pakistan's institutions.
(AFP, 12/30/13)
-------------------------
1980
The Pakistan Penal Code (PPC) and the Criminal Procedure Code were amended, through ordinances in 1980, 1982 and 1986 to declare anything implying disrespect to Muhammad, Ahle Bait (family of the prophet), Sahaba (companions of the prophet) and Sha'ar-i-Islam (Islamic symbols), a cognizable offence.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zia-ul-Haq%27s_Islamization)
-------------------------
2-3-1981
A Pakistan Airways Boeing 720 was hijacked by 3 Pakistani terrorists. The passengers and crew were released March 15 in Syria.
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/march/15/newsid_2818000/2818437.stm)
-------------------------
1981
In Pakistan Nawaz Sharif (31) was appointed by General Zia ul-Haq as the finance minister of Punjab state.
(WSJ, 9/5/07, p.A4)
-------------------------
1981
Since this year the government of Pakistan has not taken a national census.
(WSJ, 12/14/95, p.A-1)
-------------------------
1981-1988
Pakistan’s Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) and the US CIA carried out massive covert operations against Soviet forces in Afghanistan.
(WSJ, 12/31/08, p.A6)
-------------------------
1982
Pakistan acquired several nuclear-capable missiles from China shortly after the US sold F-16 fighter planes to Taiwan.
(SFC, 5/14/98, p.A16)
-------------------------
1982-1986
Benazir Bhutto lived in exile in England.
(WSJ, 11/5/96, p.A18)
-------------------------
30-12-1983
A 7.2 earthquake killed 26 people in Afghanistan (14) and Pakistan (12).
(SFC, 3/5/02, p.A10)
-------------------------
1983
In Pakistan the Mohajir Qami Movement was founded to represent the Mohajirs. In Karachi the Mohajirs comprised 60% of the population.
(SFC, 2/12/98, p.C3)
-------------------------
1984 Apr,
India sent troops to occupy the Siachen glacier following suspicious mountaineering expeditions from Pakistan. Over the next 15 years some 10,000 Indian and Pakistani casualties, largely due to frostbite and mountain sickness, resulted.
(SFEC, 5/16/99, p.A25)
-------------------------
1985 Feb,
In Pakistan Mohammed Khan was elected prime minister in the first elections since imposition of martial law in 1977. Benazir Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s Party boycotted the elections.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
1985
In Pakistan Nawaz Sharif (31) became chief minister of Punjab state during a period of martial law.
(WSJ, 9/5/07, p.A4)
-------------------------
1985
The South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) was founded in Dhaka, Bangladesh, with the aim of promoting economic cooperation and alleviating poverty in South Asia. Members included Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, the Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.
(AP, 11/13/05)
-------------------------
1985
India built up its nuclear capabilities and refused Pakistan’s offers of mutual inspections and nonproliferation pledges.
(SFEC, 5/17/98, p.A15)
-------------------------
1986 Jan,
The first PC virus, called Brain, was discovered in the wild. Though it achieved fame because it was the first of its type, the virus was not widespread as it could only travel by hitching a ride on floppy disks swapped between users. The first virus to hit computers running a Microsoft Corp.'s operating system (DOS) came when two brothers in Pakistan wrote a boot sector program now dubbed "Brain," purportedly to punish people who spread pirated software.
(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/technology/4630910.stm)(AP, 9/1/07)
-------------------------
1986 Mar,
Pakistan acquired weapons-grade uranium.
(SFEC, 5/17/98, p.A15)
-------------------------
10-4-1986
Benazir Bhutto (33), daughter of former PM Zulfikar Ali Bhutto, returned to Pakistan.
(http://tinyurl.com/onqk2)
-------------------------
14-8-1986
Pakistani opposition leader Benazir Bhutto was arrested.
(http://tinyurl.com/yynudk)
-------------------------
5-9-1986
The Pakistan army stormed a hijacked US B-747 in Karachi and 22 people were killed. In 2001 Zayd Hassan Abd Al-latif Masud Al Safarini, jailed in Pakistan for 15 years, arrived in Alaska and was expected to face a 1991 indictment for the 1986 hijacking of a Pan Am jet. In 2003 Safarini pleaded guilty and agreed to 3 life sentences plus 25 years. On Jan 3, 2008, Pakistani authorities freed and deported four Palestinians convicted in the hijacking.
(SFC, 10/2/01, p.A3)(SFC, 12/17/03, p.A4)(AP, 9/5/06)(AP, 1/3/08)
-------------------------
1986
Pakistan introduced its anti-blasphemy law. It made defaming Islam punishable by death. The law was adopted by Pakistani-administered Kashmir in 1993.
(AFP, 3/15/12)
-------------------------
1987 Jun,
Pakistan sentenced Gopal Das, an Indian man, to life in prison for alleged spying. In 2011 PM Zardari remitted Gopal Das' prison sentence on humanitarian grounds in response to an unusual appeal by the Indian Supreme Court.
(AP, 3/27/11)
-------------------------
18-12-1987
Pakistani opposition leader Benazir Bhutto was married in a traditional Islamic ceremony to businessman Asif Ali Zardari.
(AP, 12/18/97)
-------------------------
1987
Pakistan claimed a nuclear bomb-building capability.
(SFEC, 5/17/98, p.A15)
-------------------------
1987
Iran acquired centrifuge designs for a uranium enrichment program that was similar to technology used in Pakistan.
(SFC, 11/28/03, p.A3)
-------------------------
10-1-1988
In Pakistan Farooq Sattar (28), a founding member of the MQM, became Karachi’s youngest mayor.
(WSJ, 12/5/07, p.A22)(http://tinyurl.com/36566r)
-------------------------
14-4-1988
Afghanistan, Pakistan, the United States and the Soviet Union signed agreements providing for the withdrawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan and creation of a nonaligned Afghan state. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev announced the withdrawal of Soviet troops. The Soviets pulled out of Afghanistan after nine years of fighting. Afghan rebels rejected the pact and continued fighting.
(SFC, 9/28/96, p.A8)(WA, 1997,p.737)(TMC, 1994, p.1988)(AP, 4/14/98)
-------------------------
29-4-1988
Pres. Zia-ul Haq dismissed the government Mohammed Khan Junejo on charges of incompetence.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
29-5-1988
Pakistan Pres. Zia ul-Haq fired government and disbanded the parliament.
(SC, 5/29/02)
-------------------------
17-8-1988
Pakistani President Mohammad Zia ul-Haq (63) and US Ambassador Arnold Raphel were killed in a mysterious plane crash. Zia, president from 1977-1988, was responsible for the 1977 overthrow and 1979 death of Premier Bhutto. Zia did much to turn Pakistan towards Islamic fundamentalism. Bhutto’s daughter, Benazir Bhutto, became prime minister in November.
(WSJ, 12/14/95, p.A-1)(AP, 8/17/98)(Econ, 6/14/08, p.103)
-------------------------
16-11-1988
Voters in Pakistan cast ballots in their first open election in 11 years, resulting in victory for populist candidate Benazir Bhutto.
(AP, 11/15/98)
-------------------------
19-11-1988
Benazir Bhutto was elected Prime Minister of Pakistan.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
1-12-1988
Benazir Bhutto was named 1st female PM of a Moslem country, Pakistan.
(
www.cnn.com/resources/video.almanac/1988/index.html)-------------------------
2-12-1988
Benazir Bhutto was sworn in as prime minister of Pakistan.
(AP, 12/2/98)
-------------------------
1988 Dec,
Tahir Mirza Hussain (18), a British Pakistani visiting relatives near Chakwal, Pakistan, was physically and sexually assaulted by a taxi driver with a gun. A struggle followed during which the gun went off and driver Jamshad Khan was fatally injured. Hussein reported the incident to police and was arrested. In 1989 he was sentenced to death. In May, 1996, a high court acquitted him of all charges, but an Islamic court charged him with armed robbery and in August, 1998, he was again sentenced to death.
(SSFC, 5/21/06, p.A16)
-------------------------
1988
Benazir Bhutto (b.1953) authored her autobiography. She served 2 terms as prime minister of Pakistan (1988-1990, 1993-1996). In 2007 she published an update.
(Econ, 5/12/07, p.89)
-------------------------
1988
In Peshawar, Pakistan, “The Essential Guide for Preparation” by Sayyid Imam al-Sharif (b.~1950), aka Dr. Fadl, appeared and became one of the most important texts in training for jihadis. Sayyid Imam al-Sharif, a co-founder of al-Qaida, was jailed in Yemen in 2001 and transferred to Egypt in 2004, where he changed his radical position and published "Document of Right Guidance for Jihad Activity in Egypt and the World," also transliterated as "Rationalizing Jihad in Egypt and the World". In it he proclaimed “We are prohibited from committing aggression, even if the enemies of Islam do that.”
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayyed_Imam_Al-Sharif)
-------------------------
1988
Rafiq Tarar, a Tablighi Muslim, was elected by the Parliament under PM Nawaz Sharif.
(SFC, 11/3/01, p.A7)
-------------------------
1988
Pakistan's main spy agency (ISI) gave military training to Kashmiri rebels (JKLF) battling security forces in Indian-administered Kashmir. ISI training ended in 1989. The information was only made public in 2005 by JKLF leader Amanullah Khan in the 1st volume of his Urdu-language biography "Jehed-e-Musalsal" (Continuous Struggle).
(Reuters, 6/17/05)
-------------------------
1988-1998
The fighting in Kashmir left 300,000 dead over this period.
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.C2)
-------------------------
12-2-1989
In Pakistan 5 Moslem rioters were killed in Islamabad protesting the "Satanic Verses" novel.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Satanic_Verses_(novel))
-------------------------
2-6-1989
Prime Minister Bhutto told a joint session of the US Congress that Pakistan does not have nuclear weapons.
(SFC, 11/6/96, p.A21)
-------------------------
24-11-1989
In Peshawar, Pakistan, Abdulla Yusuf Azzam, a Palestinian intellectual, was assassinated in a car bombing reportedly ordered by Osama bin Laden for suspected CIA ties.
(SFC, 8/19/98, p.A16)
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_Yusuf_Azzam)
-------------------------
1989 Nov,
Rebellion erupted in India-held Kashmir and small arms sniping between Indian soldiers and rebels became routine. Many of the Islamic separatists trained in Pakistan
(SFC, 6/12/99, p.A12)(SFC, 6/8/02, p.A20)
-------------------------
1989
Mohammad Ahsan Dar founded Hizbul Mujahedeen for Kashmir Muslim fighters. The group went under the wing of Jamaat-e-Islami (JI), Pakistan’s best connected Islamic political party.
(WSJ, 10/12/01, p.A6)
-------------------------
1989
Lashker-e-Tayyaba was created in Pakistan to fight against India in Kashmir. Pres. Musharraf banned Lashker-e-Tayyaba in January, 2002, under pressure from the US.
(SSFC, 7/30/06, p.A10)
-------------------------
1989
Pakistan ordered 60 F-16 fighter jets from the US and paid for 28 of them. The US Congress stopped the sale in 1990.
(SFC, 12/3/98, p.A18)
-------------------------
4-1-1990
In Sindh Province, Pakistan, an overcrowded 16-car passenger train collided with standing freight train and more than 210 people were killed.
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.A15)(AP, 2/18/04)
-------------------------
1990 Jan,
India opened fire in Kashmir. Over 30,000 people were killed over the next 12 years.
(SSFC, 12/30/01, p.A22)
-------------------------
7-2-1990
In Pakistan riots broke out between rival political parties and 22 people were hurt.
(http://tinyurl.com/htbtm)
-------------------------
1990 Jul,
A bomb blast in the eastern city of Lahore killed a woman and 3 men. Sarabjit Singh was later arrested, convicted and sentenced to death for the bombing. In 2005 his death sentence was upheld. Relatives said he is a farmer who crossed the border into Pakistan while drunk, and then was confused with a man named Manjit Singh, whom Pakistan blames for a series of bombings in Lahore. In 2012 President Asif Ali Zardari commuted the death sentence of Sarabjit Singh to life in prison, the equivalent of time served in this case.
(AFP, 9/27/05)(AP, 6/26/12)
-------------------------
6-8-1990
Pakistan’s PM Benazir Bhutto was ousted after 20 months in office by Pres. Ghulam Ishaq Khan on charges of incompetence and corruption. An interim government was led by Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi. It was later estimated that $1.5 billion was received in bribes, kickbacks and commissions from a variety of enterprises.
(SFC, 11/5/96, p.A9)(SFC, 8/20/98, p.B10)
-------------------------
24-10-1990
Nawaz Sharif’s nine-party Democratic Alliance won a 2/3 majority in the National Assembly.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
1990 Nov,
Bhutto’s Pakistan People’s Party lost elections that put Nawaz Sharif into power with a 2/3 majority.
(SFC, 11/6/96, p.A21)
-------------------------
1990
Some 70 tons of hashish was transported across the country by camel and loaded onto 2 freighters. 28 tons were loaded onto the freighter Saratoga Success, which collided with another ship and after 2 typhoons ended up beached in the Philippines. The freighter Lucky Star left Pakistan in 1991 with the other 48 tons and stopped to pick up the 28 tons on the Saratoga. The final destination was Vancouver, BC, but US federal agents intercepted the $250 million shipment.
(SFC, 4/19/97, p.C1)
-------------------------
1990
Pres. Bush imposed sanctions against Pakistan under the 1986 Pressler Amendment when he was unable to certify that Pakistan did not have a nuclear bomb. This stopped the sale of 28 F-16 airplanes to Pakistan for which $658 million was already paid to General Dynamics. Pakistan had ordered and paid for 71 F-16 fighter bombers. $157 million was returned. In 1998 New Zealand agreed to lease the planes for about $105 million and the money to be paid to Pakistan.
(SFC, 5/9/97, p.E2)(SFC, 5/29/98, p.A15)(SFC, 12/3/98, p.A18)
-------------------------
1-2-1991
Afghanistan and Pakistan were hit by an earthquake and 1,200 died.
(http://tinyurl.com/dsnjk)
-------------------------
1991
Pakistan’s government sent troops to Karachi to quell rising violence. Since then the MQM abandoned democracy and took to the streets in an insurrection.
(WSJ, 12/14/95, p.A-6)
-------------------------
1-1-1992
Altaf Hussain (b.1953), leader of Pakistan’s MQM party, fled to Saudi Arabia and after a month to London. PM Nawaz Sharif soon deployed the army to Karachi for a massive anti-MQM operation and the city descended into an undeclared civil war.
(WSJ, 12/5/07, p.A22)(
www.elections.com.pk/candidatedetails.php?id=6881)-------------------------
28-9-1992
A Pakistani jetliner crashed in Nepal, killing all 167 people aboard. The crew had miscalculated their altitude.
(AP, 9/28/97)(SFC, 11/13/01, p.A10)
-------------------------
1992
The Pakistan Cricket team led by Imran Khan won the World Cup Championship.
(WSJ, 12/2/96, p.A1,8)
-------------------------
1992
The radical Islamic Movement for the Enforcement of Islam in English was founded.
(SFC, 9/7/98, p.A10)
-------------------------
1992
Ramzi Yousef, nephew of Khalid Shaikh Mohammed (Khaled Sheikh Mohammed), dispatched from Pakistan a childhood friend Abdul Hakim Murad to the US to begin plotting the 1st World Trade Center attack.
(WSJ, 8/6/04, p.A6)
-------------------------
8-1-1993
Asif Nawaz Khan Janjua (56), Pakistan’s 10th Chief of Army, died under mysterious circumstances while jogging near his home in Rawalpindi. His widow later accused the government of poisoning her husband.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asif_Nawaz)(
www.highbeam.com/doc/1G1-14397943.html)-------------------------
1993 Mar,
Benazir Bhutto began a campaign to oust Nawaz Sharif.
(SFC, 11/6/96, p.A21)
-------------------------
18-4-1993
Nawaz Sharif’s government was dismissed by Ishaq Khan on corruption charges. The interim government was led by Balkh Sher Mazari.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
26-5-1993
The Supreme Court restored the government of Nawaz Sharif.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
1993 Jun 5,
In Somalia, militiamen loyal to Mohamed Farrah Aidid killed 24 Pakistani soldiers.
(AP, 6/5/98)
-------------------------
18-7-1993
Shariq and Ishaq Khan resigned under army pressure. An interim government, headed by former world bank v.p. Moeen Qureshi, called for new elections.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)
-------------------------
25-8-1993
The United States applied limited sanctions against China and Pakistan after concluding the Chinese had sold M-11 missile technology to the Pakistanis.
(WSJ, 6/13/96, p.A4)(AP, 8/25/98)
-------------------------
9-9-1993
About a hundred Somali gunmen and civilians were killed when U.S. and Pakistani peacekeepers fired on Somalis attacking other peacekeepers.
(AP, 9/9/98)
-------------------------
7-10-1993
Bhutto returned to power after general elections. Nov, Benazir Bhutto was re-elected to office. Murtazza Bhutto, brother of Benazir Bhutto, returned after 16 years in Syria to challenge his sister for the leadership of the ruling party.
(SFC, 1/30/97, p.A9)(WSJ, 11/5/96, p.A18)
-------------------------
19-10-1993
Benazir Bhutto was returned to the premiership of Pakistan.
(AP, 10/19/98)
-------------------------
1993
Pakistan halted the repatriation process of Urdu speakers from Bangladesh, saying it did not have the money or land to house them. This left some 250,000 refugees and their descendants to languish in 70 government-run camps across Bangladesh.
(AP, 6/14/14)
-------------------------
1993
Greg Mortenson of Bozeman, Montana, first visited Pakistan to climb K2, the world’s 2nd highest peak. He failed in climbing the mountain but became interested in the region. In 1996 he built a school in Korphe, Pakistan, the first many. By 2008 he had built 55 schools and authored the memoir: “Three Cups of Tea: One Man’s Extraordinary Journey to promote Peace… One School at a Time” (2006). In 2011 a 60 Minute TV report said most of his story appears to have been fabricated.
(http://tinyurl.com/42ffko2)(SSFC, 4/6/03, Par p.5)(Econ, 5/3/08, p.92)
-------------------------
20-2-1994
Three armed Afghans seized a school bus in Islamabad with some 70 passengers including Pakistani children.
(http://lists.asu.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind9402c&L=pakistan&T=0&F=&S=&P=452)
-------------------------
1994 Apr,
In Afghanistan about this time Mohammed Omar (b.1959), former guerrilla commander against Soviet forces, gathered a group of former guerrillas in the village of Singesar and hung the mujahedeen responsible for the rape of 2 local girls. He soon led the Taliban (The Students) as Amir-ul-Momineen (Commander of the Faithful). The Taliban militia advanced rapidly against the Islamic government.
(SFC, 1/1/97, p.C2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taliban)
-------------------------
1994 Sep,
Naseerullah Baber, Pakistan’s interior minister, arranged a peace convoy to run rice, clothing and other gifts through Afghanistan to Turkmenistan.
(SFC, 1/1/97, p.C3)
-------------------------
1994 Sep,
The Taliban was formed in southern Afghanistan. Its fighters were initially trained by the Frontier Constabulary, a paramilitary force of Pakistan’s Interior Ministry (ISI). Taliban forces captured the southern town of Kandahar. 800 truckloads of arms and ammunition were gained from a Soviet cache. They continued to gain land over the next 2 years. The Taliban took Kabul in 1996.
(SFC, 9/28/96, p.A8)(SFC, 1/1/97,p.C3)(SSFC, 7/30/06, p.A10) (WSJ, 9/14/01, p.A6)(Econ, 2/9/13, p.44)
-------------------------
1994
The Indian Parliament unanimously decided that its goal was to extend its rule to all of “Pakistan-occupied Kashmir.”
(SFC, 6/4/98, p.C2)
-------------------------
1994
Pakistan’s military purchased three Agosta 90 B submarines from France. PM Edouard Balladur’s 1995 campaign for the French presidency was later suspected of having been financed in part from kickbacks in the submarine sale.
(AP, 6/25/09)(
www.digitaljournal.com/article/274427)(Econ, 10/1/11, p.54)
-------------------------
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