أحداث السنوات من سنة 350 م إلي سنة 359 م

أحداث السنوات من سنة 350 م إلي سنة 359 م

المصادر:


Enc. of Africa, 1976
SFC
PCh
MC
موسوعة ويكيبيديا




مصادر أخري

=

سنة 351

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15-3-351

@ Roman Empire

Constantius II elevates his cousin Gallus to Caesar, and puts him in charge of the Eastern Roman Empire

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18-9-351

: Roman Empire

At the battle of Mursa Major, Constantius defeats Magnentius.

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351

: Roman Empire

Jewish revolt (known as War against Gallus) breaks out

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China 351

Shi Zhi is killed by Ran Min's forces, an action that sets the stage for Wei's victory in the Wei-Jie war.
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351@ Science
In India, a new process makes possible the extraction of sugar from sugar cane

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351 @ Church Hist

Macedonius is restored as Patriarch of Constantinople.

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351- Births

• Princess Dowager Helan
  

• Li Gao
  

===========================

351- Deaths

• 28 September — Marcellinus, magister officiorum of Magnentius (killed in the Battle of Mursa Major)
  

• Paulus, deposed Patriarch of Constantinople
  

• Shi Zhi
  

**

سنة 353

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353

- توحدت الإمبراطورية تحت حكم ( قسطنطيوس )عام 353 – 361م بعد موت ( قسطنطين الثاني) ، ومقتل ( قنسطانس )
ووجد قسطنطيوس الفرصة سانحة لفرض المذهب الآريوسي الذي يؤمن به على جميع أجزاء الإمبراطورية شرقاً وغرباً
---------------
353-431
St. Paulinus, poet and Bishop of Mola: "For it is after the Solstice, when Christ born in the flesh with the new sun transformed the season of cold winter, and giving to mortal men a healing dawn, commanded the nights to decrease at his coming with advancing day."
(WSJ, 12/18/98, p.W15)

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:Roman Empire

• Battle of Mons Seleucus: Constantius II defeats the usurper Magnentius
  

• Constantius II sends Paulus Catena to root out supporters of Magnentius in Roman Britain
  

• Constantius II becomes the sole Roman emperor
  

================





353- Deaths

• August 10 — Magnentius, usurper (suicide)
  

• August 18 — Magnus Decentius, Caesar to Magnentius (suicide)
  

• Saint Reparat, diaconus and martyr
  

• Zhang Chonghua
  

**

سنة 354

---------------------------------


354
ثيوفيلس نصَّر عرب اليمن في حوالي السنة 354 م، إذ أنشأ كنيسة في ظفار.
وقد صار رثيس أساقفة ظفار يشرف على الكنائس التي أنشئت في اليمن ومنها كنيسة نجران والكنائس الأخرى التي بنيت في العربية الجنوبية إلى الخليجْ
( جواد علي ،المفصل )

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354
Augustine (Aurelius Augustinus, d.430) was born in Tagaste, North Africa (modern Souk Ahras, Algeria). Augustine of Hippo, Church Father and philosopher, held that as long as the fetus was "shapeless" homicide laws did not apply because it had no senses and no soul. "Total abstinence is easier than perfect moderation." He fused the New Testament with Greek philosophy. "Nothing is so powerful in drawing the spirit of a man downwards as the caresses of a woman."
(http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/jod/augustine.html)(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.13)(HN, 11/13/98) (SFC, 3/16/02, p.A3)
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354
Winter, Emperor Julian the Apostate came ashore at Hissarlik, the site of ancient Troy, and found a fire still burning on an altar to the Trojan hero, Hector.
(Nat. Hist., 4/96, p.50)
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354
Pope Liberius decided to add the Nativity to the Church calendar and selected December 25 to celebrate it.

(WSJ, 12/21/07, p.A19)

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:Roman Empire

• Constantius Gallus, Caesar of the East, is deposed and executed on orders of Constantius II
  

• The Alemanni cross the upper Rhine and invade the lands of the Helvetians
  

==========================



:Europe


أول ذكر للبلغار


The Bulgars are first mentioned in extant European chronicles

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China:


Fu Sheng (Fou Cheng), king of the Shanxi (Chen-si), reigns in North China.

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:Church Hist


Libanius becomes a teacher of rhetoric in Antioch; his students include John Chrysostom and Theodore of Mopsuestia

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13-11-354

Birth of Augustine of Hippo, saint and theologian (d. 430)

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354

Birth of Paulinus of Nola, bishop

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354 Deaths


Constantius Gallus, Caesar of the East

Princess Pei

Xie Ai

**

سنة 355

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355
Donatus, bishop of Casae Nigrae in North Africa, died.
He taught that the effectiveness of the sacraments depends on the moral character of the minister. In other words, if a minister who was involved in a serious enough sin were to baptize a person, that baptism would be considered invalid.
(http://religion-cults.com/heresies/fourth.htm)
----------------------------------------------------
355-358
بابا الكنيسة الرومية = فيليكس الثاني
مات 365


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:Roman Empire


1-1-355
Arbitio and Lollianus Mavortius begin their term as Roman consuls
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11-8-355
Claudius Silvanus, accused of treason, proclaims himself Roman Emperor. After 28 days, Ursicinus arrives from Rome and has Silvanus murdered
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6-11-355
In Mediolanum, Roman Emperor Constantius II raises his cousin Julian to the rank of Caesar of the West
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355
The Lentienses are fined by the Roman commander Arbetio under Emperor Constantius II for several riots against the Roman Empire
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355
The Franks besiege Cologne for ten months
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Church Hist :


For refusing to sign the condemnation of Athanasius of Alexandria, Pope Liberius is forcedly relegated to Beroea in Thrace. Felix II becomes bishop of Rome
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355 -Births

• Murong Bao
  

==================



355 - Deaths

• September 7 — Claudius Silvanus, Roman usurper
  

• Aedesius, philosopher
  

• Fu Jiàn
  

• Empress Liang
  

• Zhang Yaoling
  

• Zhang Zuo
  

**

سنة 356

--------------------------------


28-4-357
Constantius II visited Rome for the first time.
(HN, 4/28/98)
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25-8-357
Flavius Claudius Julianus, the cousin of Constantius, beat the Alamanni in a Battle at Strasbourg. Chonodomarius was caught.
(PCh, 1992, p.48)(HN, 8/25/99)

======================================

8-2-356
:Roman Empire
Roman authorities make an attempt to arrest Athanasius on the accusation of supporting the usurper Magnentius. Athenasius eludes them, fleeing to the desert to hide amongst the monks of Mount Nitria
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356
:Roman Empire
Julian is defeated by the Alemanni at the Battle of Reims
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356
:Roman Empire
Rhaetia is invaded by the Alemanni
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356
:Roman Empire
The veneration of non-Christian images is banned in the Empire
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356
:Roman Empire
Constantius II publishes a decree ordering the closure of all pagan temples throughout the Empire
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356 @Asia
Naemul becomes king of the Silla dynasty
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Church Hist :
Construction begins on the first basilica of Saint Peter in Rome
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356 - Deaths

• Anthony the Great, desert monk
  
• Amasius, Bishop of Teano (also known as St. Paris)
  
• Empress Qiang
  
• Yin Hao
  

**

سنة 358

358 @ Roman Empire

• An earthquake strikes Nicaea
  

• The Franks capitulate to Julian in Belgium
  

• Julian allows the Franks to form a Roman foederatii in Toxandria
  
• An invasion of Pannonia by the Quadi and the Sarmates is repulsed by Constantius II
  

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Church Hist in 358 :

• Pope Liberius returns to Rome. Antipope Felix II prudently retires to his estate near Porto
  

• Eudoxius becomes Patriarch of Antioch.
  

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358


Death of Princess Duan

**

سنة 359

359–363
الحرب الثانية في عهد شابور الثاني الفارسي بين الفرس والروم.
روما تـُعيد الأقاليم عبر دجلة وتتنازل عن نصيبين وسنگارا للفرس.
-------------------------

359
تدوين التقويم الدائم الخاص باليهود.

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359
Christians allegedly established a camp in Skythopolis, Syria, to torture and execute pagans from around Europe. This can only be a reference to the Arian Bishop of Scythopolis, Patrophilus, who cruelly abused Christian bishops exiled to his see under Constantius. These included Eusebius of Vercelli. It was not a death-camp, nor did it last 30 years, nor were pagans the victims
(Arch, 1/05, p.70)(www.tektonics.org/af/crimeline.htm)

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359

:Roman Empire
Battle of Amida: Shapur II of Persia conquers Amida from the Romans

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11-12-259
:Roman Empire
The first known Prefect of the City of Constantinople, Honoratus, takes office
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:July359
:Church Hist @
The Council of Rimini is held. Its purpose is to, once again, try to resolve the Arian controversy. Given Saint Jerome's comment that, "The whole world groaned in astonishment to find itself Arian", it appears to have failed
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:359 - Births

Godgisel, king of the Vandals

Gratianus, Roman emperor

Stilicho, Roman general
--------------------------------

:359 - Deaths

Barbatio, Roman general

Zhang Guan

**