أحداث السنوات من سنة 310 م إلي سنة 319 م

المصادر:

موسوعة لآلئ

موسوعة ويكيبيديا

مصادر أخري موضحة

سنة 310
================

--------------------------------
310 - 314
بابا الكنيسة الرومية رقم 31
ميلتياد ( Pope Miltiades)

وذلك خلفاً للبابا : Pope Eusebius
-------------------------------------
310
انتصار للروم علي الفرانك
########################

سنة 311
================
في سنة 311م
أمر مكسيميانوس دازا بإقامة الهياكل في كل مدينة وعين كهنة للأصنام ومنحهم الامتيازات .
--------------------------------------------

30-4-311
Emperor Galerius recognized Christians legally in the Roman Empire.
(MC, 4/30/02)
--------------------------------------------------
311?
زمن الإمبراطور جاليريوس ( 305 - 311 ) تولي مصر في عهده :
- أمونيوس
---------------------------------------------
5-5-311
Gaius VM Galerius (~50), emperor of Rome, died in Dardania.
(SFC, 6/23/97, p.29)(MC, 5/5/02)
--------------------------------------------------
2-7-311
St. Miltiades began his reign as Catholic Pope.
(SC, 7/2/02)
--------------------------------------------------
311
At the consecration of bishop Caecilian of Carthage, one of the three bishops, Felix, bishop of Aptunga, who consecrated Caecilian, had given copies of the Bible to the Roman persecutors. A group of about 70 bishops formed a synod and declared the consecration of the bishop to be invalid. Great debate arose concerning the validity of the sacraments (baptism, the Lord's Supper, etc.) by one who had sinned so greatly against other Christians.
(http://religion-cults.com/heresies/fourth.htm)
--------------------------------------------------
311
The Donatists were a Christian sect that developed in northern Africa [Numidia] and maintained that it alone constituted the whole and only true church and that baptisms and ordinations of the orthodox clergy were invalid. The Donatists insisted that sinners must be re-baptized.
(WUD, 1994, p.425)(SFC, 9/19/98, p.C1)(Econ, 5/14/05, p.87)
--------------------------------------------------
311
Licinius (Valerius Licianus Licinius) became Eastern emperor. He was deposed and executed by Constantine in 325.
(www.ancienthistory.about.com)
----------------------------------------------------------

########################

سنة 312
================

27-10-312
ادعاء الامبراطور قنسطنطين رؤية الصليب في المنام ؟

Prior to a battle between Constantine and Maxentius, Constantine experienced a vision of Christ that ordered him to ornament the shields of his soldiers with the Greek letters chi and rho, the monogram for Christ. Constantine won the battle and attributed his success to Christ.
He became emperor of the West and an advocate of Christianity.
(MH, 12/96)(CU, 6/87)
---------------------------- --------------
28-10-312
معركة قنطرة ميلفيان Battle of Milvian Bridge بين كونستانتين الأول و ماكسينتياس
( مكسنتيوس بن مكسيميانوس ) شريك دقلديانوس في حكم الغرب ينهزم مع جيشه ويتعرضا للابادة في مياه نهر التيبر قرب روما

النتيجة ::
1- انتصر كونستانتين الأول (ويطلق عليه المؤرخون العرب اسم قسطنطين )
2- هزم ماكسينتياس وقتله على أبواب روما .
واحتل إيطاليا .
3- ساوى قسطنطين بين جميع الأديان .
---------------------------

28-10-312
مصرع الامبراطور الروماني ماكسينتياس Maxentiusغرقاً وهو يفر من ميدان المعركة (while fleeing, Maxentius drowned in the river)على أبواب روما في فيرونا
وهو من مواليد سنة 278م
وإذ لقي مصرعه فقد انفرد كونستانتين الأول بمنصب الامبراطور الروماني
: Constantine I defeats Maxentius, becoming the sole Roman Emperor. "
------------------------------------------------------------------------------

28-10-312
Constantine the Great defeated Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maxentius at the Mulvian Bridge. Constantine’s smaller army (about 50,000 strong) won a decisive victory there; . Constantine was instantly converted when he saw a cross in the sky, with the inscription "In hoc signo vincit" ("In this sign you shall conquer"). [see Oct 27]
(HN, 10/28/98)(DoW, 1999, P.398)
-----------------------------------------------------

312
Appius Claudius began construction of the Appian Way as a military highway.
(SFC, 8/2/07, p.E2)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Appia
########################

سنة 313
================
سنة 313م
شنق مكسيميانوس نفسه .
========================
313-323 م
الامبراطورية الرومانية :
امبراطور الروم =ليكينيوس
حكم في الفترة ما بين 313-323 م .
==================
313
قسطنطين يمنح براءة التسامح للمسيحيين.
=========================
( 313 - 323 )
زمن الإمبراطور ليكينيوس تولي مصر فى عهده :
- أنطونيوس جريجوريوس 314
- أوريليوس أنطونيوس 316
- كونتيوس أيبر 322
- سانبيانوس 323
===============================
313-400
ملك اليابان = أوهو سازاكي نو ميكوتو "نينتوكو"
جاء ذكره في الحوليات الصينية باسم "سان
وهو من أباطرة اليابان "تينو" حسب المصادر الصينية - الفترة القديمة
من أبناء شوآي،ولد 290 ومات 400م
==================================
1-1-313
A 15 year cycle used in reckoning ecclesiastical calendars was established as a fiscal term to regulate taxes. It is called the Roman Indiction.
(CFA, '96,Vol 179, p.23)
--------------------------------------------------------------
30-4-313
Co-emperor Licinius unified the whole of the eastern empire under his own rule.
(HN, 4/30/98)
--------------------------------------------------------------
313
Constantine met with the eastern emperor at Milan, capital of the late Roman Empire. They agreed on a policy of religious tolerance. The Edict of Milan legalized Christianity, but also allowed Romans religious choice.
(CU, 6/87)(ITV, 1/96, p.58)(SFEC, 7/13/97, p.T13)(SSFC, 3/21/04, p.M6)
--------------------------------------------------------------
313
Constantine wrote a letter to the proconsul of Africa in which he explained why the Christian clergy should not be distracted by secular offices or financial obligations. "When they are free to render supreme service to the Divinity, it is evident that they confer great benefits upon the affairs of the state."
(V.D.-H.K.p.91)
--------------------------------------------------------------
313
Nanai-vandak, a Sogdian agent, wrote that "The last emperor fled from Louyang [the eastern capital of China] because of famine and fire" due to nomadic invasions.
(AM, 9/01, p.50)
--------------------------------------------------------------
313
Maximinus II Daia, Eastern emperor, was killed at Tarsus.
(www.ancienthistory.about.com)
########################

سنة 314
================

8 -10-314
Roman Emperor Licinius is defeated by his colleague Constantine I at the Battle of Cibalae, and loses his European territories.
----------------------------------------
314-335
بابا الكنيسة الرومية رقم 32 :
سلفستر ( Pope Sylvester I )

في 31-1-314 أصبح المذكور بابا للكنيسة الرومية خلفاً لسلفه ملتيادس (Pope Miltiades )
-------------------------------------
314
والي مصر التابع للامبراطور الروماني = أنطونيوس جريجوريوس
-----------------------------------------------------
سنة 314
Licinius declared Valens (d.314) as co-emperor during the war with Constantine. Licinius was deposed and executed by Valens.
(www.ancienthistory.about.com)
-----------------------------------------------------
314-335
Pope Sylvester I. A document from the 9th or 10th century called the "Donation of Constantine" was forged to show Constantine granting to Sylvester and his successors spiritual supremacy over all matters of faith and worship and temporal dominion over Rome and the entire Western empire.
(V.D.-H.K.p.104)

########################

سنة 315
================
عام 315 – 320م
الديرية ( ويقصد بها : حركة بناء الأديرة) نشأت في صعيد مصر أنشأها القديس باخوم
تعقيب : من مصر انتشرت في الشام وآسيا الصغرى. وفي نفس الوقت دخلت غرب أوروبا على يد القديس كاسليان 370 – 425م ومارتن التوري 316 – 387م
كما ظهرت مجموعة من الآباء المتأثرين بمدرسة الإسكندرية الفلسفية (الأفلاطونية الحديثة) وبالفلسفة الغنوصية، مثل:
كليمنت الإسكندري 150 – 215م
أوريجانوس 185-245م
--------------------------------------------
315

Under Diocletian, Roman Empire split into East (Byzantine) and West
--------------------------------------------


########################

سنة 316
================

316
والي مصر التابع للامبراطور الروماني = أوريليوس أنطونيوس
---------------------------------------------------
316
موت الاميراطور الروماني ديوكليتيان
وكان وقتها عدد من اعتنق الدين المسيحي = 30 ألف شخص
Diocletian, former emperor of Rome, died.
By this time there were about 30,000 converts to Christianity and some 33 popes had followed in the footsteps of St. Peter.
(ITV, 1/96, p.58)


########################

سنة 317
================

7-8-317
Flavius Julius Constantius II, Emperor Egypt, Byzantium, Rome (337-61), was born.
(MC, 8/7/02)

########################

سنة 318
================


########################

سنة 319
================

=

النص حر طبقاً لانفاقية جنو للوثائق الحرة :

سنة 310
================

===========================================
سنة 311
================


311@ Roman Empire :

• May 5 — Galerius issues his Edict of Toleration, ending persecution of Christians in his part of the Roman Empire.
  

• Maxentius reconquers the African provinces from Domitius Alexander.
  

• Maximinus and Licinius share the Eastern Empire.
  

• Maximinus recommences the persecution of Christians.
  

-----------------------------------------


311 @Asia

• Luoyang, the Jin Dynasty (265-420) capital of China, is sacked by groups of barbarians under the leadership of Huns. Jin Huai Di, emperor of China, is captured.
  

-----------------------------------




311 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• July 2 — Pope Miltiades succeeds Pope Eusebius as the 32nd pope.
  

• The Donatist schism occurs in the African church.
  

• On his deathbed, Galerius declares religious freedom throughout the Empire, focusing on ending anti-Christian persecution.
  

---------------------------------





311-Deaths

• May 5 — Galerius, Roman emperor
  

• November 25 — Peter, Patriarch of Alexandria (martyred)
  

• Sima Yue
  

===========================================
سنة 312
================


312 @Roman Empire:

28-10-312

• Battle of Milvian Bridge:
  
• Constantine I defeats Maxentius and becomes the only Roman Emperor in the West. During the battle, he reportedly has a vision of a cross with the words in hoc signo vinces ("In this sign you shall conquer").
  

----------------------
312

• Construction begins on the Arch of Constantine in Rome
  

------------------
c. 312-315

• Constantine Addresses the People in the Roman Forum, sculptural relief on the Arch of Constantine, Rome, is made.
  

-----------------------------




312 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• The Council of Carthage supports Donatism, which espouses a rigorous application and interpretation of the sacraments. These doctrines will be condemned by the Council of Arles in 314.
  

• Constantine promotes a policy of state sponsorship of Christianity, perhaps even becoming a Christian himself (see Constantine I and Christianity).
  

----------------------------



312- Births

• Huan Wen
  

312-Deaths

Maxentius, Roman Emperor (slain in battle on 28-10-312 )

• Guo Xiang
  

• Empress Huyan
  

===========================================

سنة 313
================


313@Roman Empire:

February 313
Conference at Milan: Constantine issues the Edict of Milan, ending all persecution of Christians in the Roman Empire.
---------------------------------
30-4-313

• Licinius becomes emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, defeating Maximinus at the battle of Tzirallum.
  

--------------------------




313- Art

• Basilica of Maxentius and Constantine (Basilica Nova), Rome, is finished.
  

------------------------------------

2-10-313
Lateran Synod: Donatism is declared a heresy.
-------------------------------
313 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:


Arius preaches of the human nature of Jesus.


--------------------------



313- Births

• Shi Hong
  

313- Deaths

• Maximinus, Roman Emperor (b. 270)
  
• Achillas, Patriarch of Alexandria
  
• Diocletian
  
• Emperor Huai of Jin
  
• Empress Zhang Huiguang
  
• Empress Dowager Zhang
  

===========================================

سنة 314
================
8-10-314 @ Roman Empire:

War between Constantine I and Licinius: Licinius is defeated at the Battle of Cibalae and loses all of his territory in Europe.


-----------------------------------------




314 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• January 11 — Pope Miltiades' reign ends.
  
• 
  
• January 31 — Pope Sylvester I succeeds Pope Miltiades as the 33rd pope.
  
• 
  
• August 30 — Council of Arles: Confirms the pronouncement of Donatism as a schism, and passes other canons.
  
• 
  
• Synod of Ancyra: Consulting a magician is declared a sin earning five years of penance.
  
• Alexander becomes Bishop of Byzantium.
  

--------------------------



314-Births

• Libanius, Greek Sophist (approximate date)
  

• Dao An
  

• Li Qi
  

• Zhi Dun
  

-----------------------


314- Deaths

• January 11 — Pope Miltiades
  
• 
  
• Maximinus, Roman Emperor
  
• 
  
• Saint Metrophanes, Bishop of Byzantium
  
• 
  
• Empress Liu E
  

===========================================

سنة 315
================







315 @ Roman Empire:

• Constantine and Licinius battle the Sarmates, the Goths and the Carpians along the Danube. They reestablish the defence of the frontier.
  

• July 25 - The Arch of Constantine is dedicated (approximate date).
  

• Crucifixion is abolished as punishment in the Roman Empire.
  

• A program of assistance to the poor is established in the Roman Empire.
  

• Immense baths are constructed in Trier.
  

----------------------------




315 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• Eusebius becomes bishop of Caesarea (approximate date).
  

• The lamb becomes the symbol of Jesus in Christian art.
  

--------------------------



315- Births

• Cyril of Jerusalem, theologian (approximate date)
  

===========================================

سنة 316
================

316 @Roman Empire:

• Constantine I issues an edict prohibiting the punishment of slaves by crucifixion and facial branding.
  

• December 316 :
  
• Constantine I defeats Licinius in the Battle of Mardia, and gains some of his colleague's territory.
  

316 @Asia

• The Xiongnu sack Chang'an, capital of the Chinese Western Jin Dynasty. Jin Mindi, the emperor, surrenders.
  
• The Western Jin Dynasty ends.
  
• Ancient China is divided.
  

-----------------------------------




316 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• At the request of the Roman Catholic Church, Constantine attempts to end the schism with the Donatist church.
  

---------------------------------


316 -Births

• St. Martin of Tours (see 317) (approximate date)
  

• Constantine II, Roman emperor
  

316- Deaths

• Tuoba Pugen
  
• 
  
• Tuoba Yilu
  

===========================================


سنة 317
================






317@Europe

• March 1 — Crispus and Constantine II, sons of Roman Emperor Constantine I, and Licinius
  

• Iunior, son of Licinius, are made Caesares.
  

• King Mirian II of Caucasian Iberia declares Christianity the official state religion.
  

317@ Asia

• Jin Yuan Di succeeds Jin Min Di, ending the Western and beginning the Eastern Jin Dynasty.
  

------------------------------


317- Births

• 7 August — Constantius II, Roman Emperor
  
• 
  
• St. Martin of Tours (presumably) 316
  
• 
  
• Fu Jiàn
  

317- Deaths

• Valerius Valens, short-lived Roman emperor
  

===========================================

سنة 318
================






318@تاريخ الصين

• The Former Zhao state is proclaimed.
  

• China loses its territories to the north of Yang-tsé-kiang, to the benefit of the Xiongnu and the Xianbei.
  

• Nanking (Nanjin) becomes the capital of China.
  

----------------


318 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• Gregory the Illuminator appoints his son Aristax as successor in the Patriarchate of Armenia.
  

---------------------


318-Births

• Empress Liu
  

318-Deaths

• Jin Mindi, former Chinese emperor of the Jin Dynasty (265-420) (murdered)
  
• 
  
• Fan Changsheng
  
• 
  
• Jin Zhun
  
• 
  
• Liu Can
  
• 
  
• Liu Cong (Han Zhao)
  

===========================================
سنة 319
================





319 @ Roman Empire

• Constantine prohibits the separation of the families of slaves during a change in ownership.
  

-----------------------------


319 @ جوبتا :

• Chandragupta I succeeds his father Ghatotkacha as ruler of the Gupta Empire.
  

---------------------------


319 @ Georgia:

• Christianity is introduced in Colchis, present-day Georgia.
  

------------------------------------




319 @ تاريخ الكنيسة:

• Arius travels to Nicomedia at the invitation of Eusebius, after having been accused of heresy and condemned by Alexander, the Patriarch of Alexandria.
  
• This gives rise to the Arian Controversy.
  

----------------------------------


319- Births

• Saint Bassiano, first Bishop of Lodi, Italy
  

• Murong Jun
  

----------------------


319- Deaths

• Ghatotkacha, ruler of the Gupta Empire