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الفترة 238-244م
(من 22-3-238 حتي 12-4-238م)
الامبراطورية الرومانية :
امبراطور الروم =جورديان الثالث [238-244 م]
، ولا نجد سوى القليل من النقوش التي تذكر حكم (جورديان الثالث) هذا فضلاً عن عملة تعود إلى عصر "ماكسيمينوس" .
نبذة عن جورديان الثالث : ولد عام 159
اعتلي العرش
اسمه قبل توليه الحكم : Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus
اسمه بعد توليه الحكم : Caesar Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus Africanus Augustus
known in English as: Gordian III
عام 238 هو عام الأباطرة الستة وهو أكثر في عدهم من عام 69 ( عام الأباطرة الأربعة (
Little is known on the early life and family background of Gordian. There is no reliable evidence on his family origins. His family were of Equestrian rank, who were modest and very wealthy. Gordian was said to be related to prominent senators. His praenomen and nomen Marcus Antonius suggest that his paternal ancestors received Roman citizenship under the Triumvir Mark Antony, during the late Roman Republic. Gordian’s cognomen ‘Gordianus’ suggests that his family origins were from Anatolia, especially Galatia and Cappadocia.
According to the Augustan History, his mother was a Roman woman called Ulpia Gordiana and his father Roman Senator Maecius Marullus. While modern historians have dismissed his father's name as false, there may be some truth behind the identity of his mother. Gordian's family history can be guessed through inscriptions. The name Sempronianus in his name may indicate a connection to his mother or grandmother. In Ankara Turkey, a funeral inscription has been found that names a Sempronia Romana, daughter of a named Sempronius Aquila (an imperial secretary). Romana erected this undated funeral inscription to her husband (whose name is lost) who died as a praetor-designate. Gordian might have been related to gens Sempronius. French historian Christian Settipani gives as his parents Marcus Antonius (b. ca 135), tr. pl., praet. des., and wife Sempronia Romana (b. ca 140), daughter of Titus Flavius Sempronius Aquila (b. ca 115), Secretarius ab epistulis Graecis, and wife Claudia (b. ca 120), daughter of an unknown father and wife Claudia Tisamenis (b. ca 100), sister of Herodes Atticus. It seems then that who was related to Herodes Atticus was Gordian I's mother and not his wife.
Also according to the Augustan History, his wife was a Roman woman called Fabia Orestilla, born circa 165, who the Augustan History claims was a descendant of Roman Emperors Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius through her father Fulvus Antoninus. Modern historians have dismissed this name and her information as false, as they believe his wife was the granddaughter of Greek Sophist, consul and tutor Herodes Atticus. With his wife, Gordian had at least two children: a son of the same name (Gordian II) and a daughter, Antonia Gordiana (who was the mother of the future Emperor Gordian III). His wife died before 238. Christian Settipani gives as her parents Marcus Annius Severus, who was a Suffect Consul, and wife Silvana, born circa 140, daughter of Lucius Plautius Lamia Silvanus and wife Aurelia Fadilla, daughter of Antoninus Pius and wife Annia Galeria Faustina.
Gordian I on a coin, bearing the title AFR, Africanus.
Gordian climbed the hierarchy until he entered the Roman Senate. His political career started relatively late in his life and probably his early years were spent in rhetoric and literary studies. As a military man, Gordian commanded the Legio IIII Scythica when the legion was stationed in Syria. He served as governor of Roman Britain in 216 and was a Suffect Consul in the reign of Elagabalus. Inscriptions in Roman Britain bearing his name were partially erased suggesting some form of imperial displeasure during this role.
While he gained unbounded popularity by the magnificent games and shows he produced as aedile, his prudent and retired life did not excite the suspicion of Caracalla, in whose honour he wrote a long epic poem called Antoninias. Gordian certainly retained his wealth and political clout during the chaotic times of the Severan dynasty, which suggest his personal dislike for intrigue.
During the reign of Alexander Severus, Gordian (who was by then in his late sixties) was made Consul in 223 and threw the lots to the dangerous honours of government in Africa in 238. In the middle of his promagistrate, Maximinus Thrax killed emperor Alexander Severus in Germania Inferior and assumed the throne.
Maximinus was not a popular emperor and universal discontent roused by his oppressive rule culminated in a revolt in Africa in 238. Gordian yielded to the popular clamour and assumed both the purple and the cognomen Africanus on March 22. According to Edward Gibbon:
An iniquitous sentence had been pronounced against some opulent youths of [Africa], the execution of which would have stripped them of far the greater part of their patrimony. (…) A respite of three days, obtained with difficulty from the rapacious treasurer, was employed in collecting from their estates a great number of slaves and peasants blindly devoted to the commands of their lords, and armed with the rustic weapons of clubs and axes. The leaders of the conspiracy, as they were admitted to the audience of the procurator, stabbed him with the daggers concealed under their garments, and, by the assistance of their tumultuary train, seized on the little town of Thysdrus, and erected the standard of rebellion against the sovereign of the Roman empire. (...) Gordianus, their proconsul, and the object of their choice [as emperor], refused, with unfeigned reluctance, the dangerous honour, and begged with tears that they should suffer him to terminate in peace a long and innocent life, without staining his feeble age with civil blood. Their menaces compelled him to accept the Imperial purple, his only refuge indeed against the jealous cruelty of Maximin
In respect to his advanced age, he insisted that his son, Marcus Antonius Gordianus (Gordian II), be associated with him. A few days later, Gordian entered the city of Carthage with the overwhelming support of the population and local political leaders. Meanwhile in Rome, Maximinus' praetorian prefect was assassinated and the rebellion seemed to be successful. The senate confirmed the new emperor on 2 April and most of the provinces gladly sided with Gordian.
Opposition would come from the neighbouring province of Numidia. Capelianus, governor of Numidia and a loyal supporter of Maximinus Thrax, renewed his alliance to the former emperor and invaded Africa province with the only legion stationed in the region, III Augusta, and other veteran units. Gordian II, at the head of a militia army of untrained soldiers, lost the Battle of Carthage and was killed, and Gordian took his own life by hanging himself with his belt. The Gordians had reigned only thirty-six days.
Gordian had deserved his high reputation by his amiable character. Both he and his son were men reported to be fond of literature and achieved great accomplishments, publishing voluminous works. But they were rather intellectual voluptuaries than able statesmen or powerful rulers. Having embraced the cause of Gordian, the senate was obliged to continue the revolt against Maximinus, and appointed Pupienus and Balbinus, as joint emperors. Nevertheless, by the end of 238, the recognised emperor would be Gordian III, his grandson. Gordian and his son were deified by the Senate.
[ Ref:-
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordian_I ]
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238-244
الولاه الرومان في مصرفي عهد جورديان الثالث :
كانوا علي هذا التوالي :
1-(مايفيوس هونوراتيانوس) حكم والياً لمصر ، في يوم غير محدد ما بين يوم 28 -12-231م وحتى 26-1-232م.
وآخر وثيقة له تعود إلى عهد "ماكسيمينوس" وتاريخها 16-5-238م.
2- ( آنيانوس) وحكم ما بين 238-240م،
وتذكره الوثائق عرضًا على أنه الوالي السابق.
3-جايوس دوميتيوس فيليبوس)، وترجع أقدم وثيقة تذكر اسمه إلى يناير 241
وآخر وثيقة تذكره تعود إلى 17-3-242م .
4-(أوريليوس باسيليوس)، حكم مصر ما بين 27-10- 242م، إلى خروجه من الوظيفة في الفترة ما بين 26 إبريل و21 مايو 245م.
5- (فاليريوس فيرموس)، المذكور ما بين 21 مايو و 30 أغسطس 245م ، حتى 29 سبتمبر 247م .
6- نائب والي" هو "يوليوس بريكوس" وشغل منصبه في الفترة ما بين شهر سبتمبر 247م ، وحتى 14 سبتمبر 248م .
7- الوالي "أوريليوس آبيوس سابينوس" وحكم خلال الفترة ما بين( 14-16 سبتمبر 249م) وحتى 17 يوليو 250م .
المصدر لهذه الفقرة بتصرف : history.egypt.com---------------------------------
12-4-238
الامبراطور جورديان الثالث يشنق نفسه في قرطاج بعد أن سمع بمقتل ابنه جورديان الثاني
Hanged himself in Carthage after hearing of the death of Gordian II, his son
وخلفه : Pupienus and Balbinus
Maximinus Thrax
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10-5-238
Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus ("The Thracian"), Roman Emperor, was murdered.
(MC, 5/10/02)
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سنة 238
Solinus wrote that the Hibernian mother places the first morsel of food in her child’s mouth with the point of her sword.
(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.11)
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سنة 238
ثورة في أفريقيا علي حكم الرومان تلاها فترة عدم استقرار
Revolt in Africa against Roman rule begins half-century of unrest
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Carpians invade
Moesia; Emperor
Maximinus Thrax campaigns against them.
================238Birth of Empress Yang Yan, the first wife of Emperor Wu (d. 274) Deaths in year 238 :=============================
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الإثنين فبراير 20, 2012 7:10 am