أحداث 31 ديسمبر
31-12-192
اغتيال الامبراطور الروماني (كومودسLucius A.A. Commodus) المولود عام 161م والذي تولي حكم الامبراطورية الرومانية في الفترة (180-192)
Commodus, Emperor of Rome was murdered. His mistress Marcia, Chamberlain Eclectus, and praetorian prefect Laetus hired the wrestler Narcissus to strangle Commodus after they found their names on an imperial execution list.
(PCh, 1992, p.42)(MC, 12/31/01)
=====================
31-12-335
موت بابا الكاثوليك سيلفيستر
Death of Pope ( St.Silvester)
------------------------------
31-12-406
شرعت قبائل جرمانية في غزو غاليا حيث قامت بعبور نهر الراين هذا اليوم
Vandals, Alans and Suebians cross the Rhine, beginning an invasion of Gallia.
------------------------------
31-12-406
Godagisel, king of the Vandals, died in battle as some 80,000 Vandals attacked over the Rhine at Mainz.
(MC, 12/31/01)
=====================
31-12-535
أكملت بيزنطة غزو صقلية
Byzantine General Belisarius completes the conquest of Sicily, defeating the Ostrogothic garrison of Syracuse, and ending his consulship for the year.
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31-12-765
The coffin of Ho-tse Shen-hui was interred in a stupa built in China.
(MC, 12/31/01)
=====================
31-12-870
صد الهجوم الدانماركي علي إنجلفيلد
Skirmish at Englefield. Ethelred of Wessex beat back a Danish invasion army.
(MC, 12/31/01)
=====================
31-12-1097
قيام حاكم دمشق ( دقاق بن تتش) بمحاولة لنجدة أنطاكية المحاصرة من قبل الصليبيين.
نبذة عن دقاق بن تتش:هو شمس الملوك أبو نصر دقاق بن السلطان تاج الدولة تتش بن السلطان ألب أرسلان السلجوقي
السلطان تاج الدولة تتش أوصي بولاية عهده بعد موته لابنه رضوان ، فلما مات سار دقماق إلى حلب وأقام عند أخيه رضوان فكتب إليه (الأمير سارتكين ) والي قلعة دمشق سراً يدعوه ليملكه مدينة دمشق فهرب من أخيه فأرسل رضوان في طلبه خيلاً فلم تدركه فلما وصل إلى دمشق نصبه الأمير سارتكين ملكاً في دمشق وساعده على ذلك كثير من خاصة أبيه.
ثم وصل (معتمد الدولة طغدكين) ومعه جمهور من خواص أبوه تتش فمال إليه وهكذا ثبت الأمر لدقاق وحكم دمشق وأقاليمها في الفترة 1095 -1104
وفي سنة 490هـ وصل الملك رضوان إلى دمشق لفتحها وانتزاعها من يد أخيه دقماق فلم ينجح ،فطمع دقماق في الاستيلاء على ملك رضوان وأتجه بجيشه نحو مدينة حلب فإستنجد أخوه رضوان بقبائل التركمان على أخيه ودالات حرب بين الأخوين فانهزم دقماق، وأنتهى الأمر بالصلح بينهما على أن يكون الملك لرضوان في مدينة دمشق وأنطاكية.
توفي 8-6-1104الموافق 497هـ
(http://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%82%D8%A7%D9%82_%D8%A8%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%AA%D8%B4 )
----------------------------------
31-12-1164
Death of ( Margrave Ottokar III ) of Styria (b. 1124)
------------------------------
31-12-1229
دخل جيش أراجون إلي ميورقا
James I of Aragon the Conqueror enters Medina Mayurqa (now known as Palma de Mallorca, Spain) thus consummating the Christian conquest of the island of Mallorca.
=======================
31-12-1297
Death of ( Humphrey de Bohun), 3rd Earl of Hereford, English soldier (b. 1249)
------------------------------
31-12-1302
موت فريدريك الثالث
Death of ( Frederick III), Duke of Lorraine (b. 1238)
------------------------------
31-12-1378
Birth of Pope Callixtus III
[Alfonso the Borgia]
He was Pope in the period(1455-58)
he died 1458
------------------------------
31-12-1384
Death of ( John Wycliffe), English theologian and Bible translator
------------------------------
31-12-1424
Death of ( Thomas Beaufort ), 1st Duke of Exeter, English military leader
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31-12-1460
Death of ( Edmund, Earl of Rutland), brother of Kings Edward IV of England and Richard III of England (executed) (b. 1443)
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31-12-1460
Death of ( Richard Neville), 5th Earl of Salisbury, English politician
(b. 1400)
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31-12-1491
مولد المستكشف الفرنسي ( جاك كارتيير)
Birth of ( Jacques Cartier), French explorer (d. 1557)
------------------------------
31-12-1492
طرد مئة ألف يهودي من صقلية
100,000 Jews were expelled from ( Sicily).
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31-12-1502
(سيزار بورجيا ) ابن البابا أليكسندر السادس يغزو آبرينو
Cesare Borgia ,son of Pope Alexander VI, occupies ( Urbino)
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31-12-1510
Death of ( Bianca Maria Sforza), wife of Maximilian I, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1472)
------------------------------
31-12-1514
Birth of ( Andreas Vesalius), Flemish anatomist he was born in Brussels, Belgium
Andreas Vesalius is the author of “De Humani Corporis Fabrica”
(d. 1564)
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31-12-1535
Death of ( William Skeffington), Lord Deputy of Ireland (b. 1465)
------------------------------
31-12-1564
وليم أورانج يطالب بحرية العقيدة
Willem of Orange demanded freedom of conscience and religion.
(MC, 12/31/01)
--------------------------------
31-12-1568
Death of ( Shimazu Tadayoshi), Japanese warlord (b. 1493)
------------------------------
31-12-1572
Birth of Emperor ( Go Yozei ) of Japan, (d. 1617)
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31-12-1583
Death of ( Thomas Erastus), Swiss theologian (b. 1524)
----------------------------
31-12-1600
British East India Company is chartered.
تأسيس الشركة البريطانية للهند الشرقية, وذلك في عهد ملكة بريطانيا( إليزابيث الأولى).
تفصيل:
أصدرت إليزابيث الأولى مرسوما بإنشاء الشركة في 31 -12-1600 مانحة لها سلطات احتكارية على تجارة الهند وجميع مستعمراتها في جنوب شرق آسيا لمدة 21 عاما. وذلك بأن تنفرد هذه الشركة بتولي جميع المعاملات التجارية. وبهذا تحولت هذه الشركة من مشروع تجاري إلى مؤسسة تحكم جميع الولايات الهندية وجميع مستعمرات التاج البريطاني في المنطقة وذلك بدعم سياسي وعسكري من بريطانيا.احتكرت هذه الشركة التجارة بين أفريقيا وآسيا وأمريكا, وقد استمر الحال هكذا حتى حلت الشركة إثر اندلاع التمرد، والعصيان المدني في الهند
تم حل هذه الشركة سنة 1874.
The British East India Company (d.1874) was chartered by Queen Elizabeth I in London to carry on trade in the East Indies in competition with the Dutch, who controlled nutmeg from the Banda Islands.
(WUD, 1994, p.449)(WSJ, 1/11/99, p.R49)(
www.theeastindiacompany.com/history.html)============================
31-12-1610
Death of ( Ludolph van Ceulen, German mathematician (b. 1540)
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31-12-1650
Death of ( Dorgon, Chinese emperor (b. 1612)
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31-12-1660
James II of England is named ( Duke of Normandy) by Louis XIV of France.
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31-12-1668
Birth of ( Herman Boerhaave, Dutch humanist and physician (d. 1738)
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31-12-1673
Death of ( Oliver St John ), English statesman and judge
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31-12-1679
Death of ( Giovanni Alfonso Borelli), Italian physiologist and physicist (b. 1608)
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31-12-1687
The first Huguenots set sail from France to the Cape of Good Hope.
----------------------------
31-12-1687
The 1st Huguenots departed France to the Cape of Good Hope.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1691
Death of ( Dudley North ), English economist (b. 1641)
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31-12-1695
A window tax is imposed in England, causing many shopkeepers to brick up their windows to avoid the tax.
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31-12-1711
Duke of Marlborough was fired as English army commander.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1719
Death of ( John Flamsteed ), English astronomer (b. 1646)
----------------------------
31-12-1720
Birth of ( Charles Edward Stuart), pretender to the British throne (d. 1788)
Charles Edward Stuart is a grandson of James II, known as the Young Pretender and Bonnie Prince Charlie
(HN, 12/31/98)
----------------------------
31-12-1738
Birth of ( Charles Lord Cornwallis),soldier and statesman, 1st Marquess Cornwallis, British general (d. 1805)
----------------------------
31-12-1741
Birth of ( Isabella Maria of Parma ), empress of Germany (d. 1763)
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31-12-1742
Karl III Philip, Elector Palatine (b. 1661)
----------------------------
31-12-1745
Bonnie Prince Charlie's army met with de Esk.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1762
The Mozart family moved from Vienna to Salzburg.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1775
American Revolutionary War: Battle of Quebec British forces repulse an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold.
----------------------------
31-12-1775
The British repulsed an attack by Continental Army generals Richard Montgomery and Benedict Arnold at Quebec; Montgomery was killed.
(AP, 12/31/97)
----------------------------
31-12-1775
George Washington ordered recruiting officers to accept free blacks into the army.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1783
Import of African slaves was banned by all of the Northern American states.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1799
Death of ( Jean-François Marmontel, French historian and writer (b. 1723)
----------------------------
31-12-1805
The French Revolutionary calendar law was abolished. France returned to the Gregorian calendar.
(K.I.-365D, p.43)(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1815
George Gordon Meade (d.1872), Union general, was born. He defeated Robert E. Lee at the Battle of Gettysburg.
(HN, 12/31/99)(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1830
مولد الخديوي إسماعيل والي مصر
وإليه تنسب محافظة الاسماعيلية بمصر
Birth of ( Isma'il Pasha, Governor of Egypt (d. 1895)
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31-12-1831
Gramercy Park is deeded to New York City.
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31-12-1841
Alabama became the 1st state to license dental surgeons.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1852
The richest year of the gold rush ended, with $81.3 million in gold produced.
(HN, 12/31/98)
----------------------------
31-12-1857
الملكة فيكتوريا ملكة إنجلترا تختار (مدينة أوتاوا )في أونتاريوOntarioعاصمة لكندا.
Britain's Queen Victoria decided to make Ottawa the capital of Canada.
(AP, 12/31/97)
----------------------------
31-12-1858
Vincas Kudirka (d.1899), author of the Lithuanian national anthem, was born in Vilkaviskis County.
(LC, 1998, p.30)(LHC, 12/31/02)
----------------------------
31-12-1859
Luigi Ricci (54), composer, died.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1860
Birth of ( Joseph S. Cullinan ), American oil industrialist (d. 1937)
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31-12-1862
American Civil War: Abraham Lincoln signs an act that admits West Virginia to the Union, thus dividing Virginia in two.
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31-12-1862
American Civil War:
The Battle of Stones River is fought near Murfreesboro, Tennessee.
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31-12-1862
Union General William Rosecrans' army repelled two Confederate attacks at the Battle of Murfreesboro (Stone's River).
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1862
The USS Monitor sank in a storm off Cape Hatteras, NC., while being towed by the Rhode Island. 16 officers and seamen died. In 1973 scientists from North Carolina’s Duke University discovered the deteriorating relic 16 miles from the coast, in 240 feet of water.
In 1975 the site was designated the nation’s first marine sanctuary, and it was the first shipwreck to be named a National Historic Landmark in the United States.
In 2002 the turret was raised.
(SFC, 8/6/02, p.A2)(HNQ, 11/29/02)(ON, 10/08, p.5)
----------------------------
31-12-1869
Birth of ( Henri Matisse ), French painter (d. 1954)
Henri Matisse ,best known for his paintings "Woman with a Hat" and "The Red Studio," was born.
His work included the “Dance II,” now at the Hermitage in Moscow.
In 1998 Hilary Spurling authored “The Unknown Matisse: A Life of Henri Matisse, Vol 1: 1869-1908.”
(WSJ, 7/5/96, p.A5)(SFEC, 12/13/98, BR p.9)(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1872
Death of ( Aleksis Kivi ), Finnish author (b. 1834)
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31-12-1877
Birth of ( Lawrence Beesley), English journalist and author (d. 1967)
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31-12-1877 –
موت الرسام الفرنسي ( جوستاف كوربيت)
Death of ( Gustave Courbet), French painter (b. 1819)
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31-12-1877
Pres. and Mrs. Hayes celebrated their silver anniversary (technically, a day late) by re-enacting their wedding ceremony in the White House.
(AP, 12/31/02)
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31-12-1878
Birth of ( Horacio Quiroga), Uruguayan Argentinian writer (d. 1937)
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31-12-1879
Gilbert and Sullivan's "Pirates of Penzance," premiered in NYC.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1879
(Thomas Edison) demonstrates incandescent lighting to the public for the first time.
he demonstrated his electric incandescent light in Menlo Park, N.J.
----------------------------
31-12-1879
مولد الرسام الفرنسي ( هنري ماتيز)
------------------------------
31-12-1880
Birth of ( George C. Marshall, United States Secretary of State, Nobel Laureate (d. 1959)
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31-12-1880
George Catlett Marshall, Chief of Staff who led the U.S. Army to victory in World War II and later became Secretary of State for President Harry Truman, was born. He won Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 for the Marshall Plan.
(HN, 12/31/98)(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1881
Birth of ( Max Pechstein, German painter (d. 1955)
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31-12-1882
Leon Michel Gambetta (44), French attorney and premier (1881-82), died.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1883
افتتاح المحاكم الأهلية في مصر
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31-12-1885
Birth of Princess ( Victoria Adelaide of Schleswig Holstein)
(d. 1970)
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31-12-1890
Death of ( Pancha Carrasco, Costa Rican war heroine (b. 1826)
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31-12-1890
Ellis Island, NYC, opened as a US immigration depot.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1891
A new immigration depot was opened on Ellis Island, New York.
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31-12-1894
Death of ( Thomas Joannes Stieltjes), Dutch mathematician (b. 1856)
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31-12-1897
Brooklyn, N.Y., spent its last day as a separate entity before becoming part of New York City.
(AP, 12/31/97)
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31-12-1898
مولد الشاعر المصري ( إبراهيم ناجي)
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31-12-1899
Silvestre Revueltas, composer (Sensemaya), was born in Santiago, Papasquiaro, Mexico.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1899
Death OF ( Karl Millocker) , Austrian conductor and composer (b. 1842)
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31-12-1904
The first New Year's Eve celebration is held in Times Square, then known as Longacre Square, in New York, New York.
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31-12-1904
Nathan Milstein, concert violinist, was born in Odessa, Russia.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1905
Birth of Broadway composer ( Jule Styne). Born in London.
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31-12-1905
موت الفيزيائي الروسي بوبوف
Death of ( Alexander Popov ), Russian physicist (b. 1859)
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31-12-1907
For 1st time a ball was dropped at Times Square to signal new year.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1907
Gustav Mahler conducted the Metropolitan Opera.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1908
Birth of ( Simon Wiesenthal, Austrian Holocaust survivor (d. 2005)
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31-12-1908
Simon Wiesenthal, survivor of the Nazi Holocaust who dedicated his life to tracking down former Nazis, was born.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1909
افتتاح (جسر مانهاتنManhattan Bridge) في نيويورك وهو جسر يصل بين باولي وكانال ستريت في شينتاون وفلا تبوش أفينيو في بروكلين
opens.
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31-12-1910
US tobacco industry produced 9 billion cigarettes for the year.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1910
John B. Moisant and Arch Hoxsey, two of America's foremost aviators died in separate plane crashes. Moisant died in a plane crash in New Orleans.
(HN, 12/31/98)(HN, 7/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1911
Helene Dutrieu won the Femina aviation cup in Etampes. She set a distance record for women at 158 miles.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1912
Birth of ( Maj-Gen John Frost, British para commander (d. 1993)
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31-12-1915
The Germans torpedoed the British liner Persia without any warning; 335 are dead.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1923
BBC began using the Big Ben chime ID.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1923
The Sahara was crossed by an automobile for the first time.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1923
The chimes of Big Ben are broadcast on radio for the first time by the BBC.
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31-12-1929
Guy Lombardo and his Royal Canadians played "Auld Lang Syne" as a New Year’s Eve song for the first time. Scottish poet Robert Burns is credited with writing the song, although a similar poem by Robert Ayton (1570-1638), not to mention even older folk songs, use the same phrase, and may well have inspired Burns. The literal translation means "old long since" which less literally meant "days gone by."
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auld_Lang_Syne)(WSJ, 12/29/06, p.W10)
----------------------------
31-12-1929
The DJIA closed the decade at 248.48.
(WSJ, 4/8/04, p.C4)
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31-12-1930
Odetta, [Holmes], folk singer (Sanctuary), was born in Birmingham, Ala.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1930
Pontifical encyclical Casti connubial was against mixed marriages.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1930
US tobacco industry produced 123 billion cigarettes in this year.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1930
Brewery heir Adolphus Busch was kidnapped.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1931
Birth of ( Bob Shaw, Irish writer (d. 1996)
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31-12-1933
Birth of ( Edward Bunker, American author and actor (d. 2005)
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31-12-1934
Akram Awan, Islamic scholar
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31-12-1936
Death of ( Miguel de Unamuno, Spanish writer and philosopher (b. 1864)
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31-12-1937
أصدر الملك فاروق أمراً ملكياً باقالة وزارة مصطفى النحاس
----------------------------
31-12-1937
مولد الممثل ( أنتوني هوبكنز )
----------------------------
31-12-1937
Birth of ( Avram Hershko, Israeli biologist, Nobel laureate
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31-12-1937
Anthony Hopkins, actor (Elephant Man, QB VII, Magic, Bounty, Silence of the Lambs), was born in Wales.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1938
Dr. R.N. Harger's "drunkometer," the 1st breath test, was introduced in Indiana.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1939
The DJIA closed the decade at 150.24.
(WSJ, 4/8/04, p.C4)
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31-12-1941
General MacArthur reported that U.S. lines in Manila had been pushed back by the Japanese.
(HN, 12/31/98)
----------------------------
31-12-1942
After five months of battle, Emperor Hirohito allowed the Japanese commanders at Guadalcanal to retreat.
(HN, 12/31/98)
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31-12-1944
World War II: Hungary declares war on Germany.
----------------------------
31-12-1945
الرئيس الأمريكي ( هاري ترومان ) يعلن نهاية الحرب العالمية الثانية
President Harry Truman officially proclaims the end of hostilities in World War II.
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31-12-1945
The ratification of the UN Charter was completed.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1945
Czechoslovakia began forcing the German population of the Sudetenland back to Germany.
(WSJ, 11/25/96, p.A15)
----------------------------
31-12-1946
President Truman officially proclaimed the end of hostilities in World War II.
(HN, 12/31/98)(AP, 12/31/97)
----------------------------
31-12-1946
جلاء آخر جندي فرنسي عن لبنان.
----------------------------
31-12-1947
عصابات هاجاناه ترتكب مجزرة بحق سكان بلدة الشيخ بفلسطين أدت إلى مقتل العديد من النساء والأطفال، وبلغت حصيلة القتلى ما يقارب ال600 فلسطيني.
----------------------------
31-12-1947
رفع قضية كشمير المتنازع عليها بين باكستان والهند إلى الأمم المتحدة
.----------------------------
31-12-1948
حرب فلسطين: العصابات الصهيونية تسيطر على النقب.
----------------------------
31-12-1949
Birth of ( Ellen Datlow, American editor
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31-12-1949
Birth of ( Susan Shwartz, American writer
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31-12-1951
The 1st battery to convert radioactive energy to electrical was announced.
(MC, 12/31/01)
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31-12-1952
Hank Williams died at age 29 in the back seat of a Cadillac full of pills and booz on his way to a gig.
(SSFC, 6/3/01, Par p.8)
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31-12-1953
Death of ( Albert Plesman, Dutch aviation pioneer (b. 1889)
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31-12-1954
Birth of ( Alex Salmond, Scottish politician
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31-12-1955
( جنرال موتورز) أول شركة أمريكية تتجاوز أرباحها مليار دولار خلال عام واحد. تصبح أول شركة أمريكية تحقق أرباحاً تفوق المليار دولار
The General Motors Corporation becomes the first U.S. corporation to make over $1 billion USD in a year.
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31-12-1956
خطة أمريكية للشرق الأوسط تنص على مساعدات اقتصادية كبيرة للتصدي لنفوذ الاتحاد السوفييتي :
وزير الخارجية الأميركي ( جون فوستر دالاس ) يعرض للأمين العام للأمم المتحدة ( داج هامرشولد ) خطة أميركية جديدة للشرق الأوسط تتضمن مساعدة اقتصادية أميركية كبيرة والتزامًا بمقاومة أي اعتداء سوفيتي في المنطقة. عرضت هذه الخطة على الكونغرس باسم "مبدأ إيزانهاور".
----------------------------
31-12-1957
في الكويت : افتتح مدير ادارة المعارف (عبدالله جابر الصباح ) متحف الكويت وذلك بعد أن وقع الاختيار على قصر دسمان في مدينة الكويت كمقر له حيث زود بمجموعة من التراث الشعبي ومجموعة من الآثار التي اكتشفت في جزيرة فيلكا
----------------------------
31-12-1958
Cuba’s dictator Juan Batista fled as Rebels under Fidel Castro marched into Havana.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1959
Bebe Neuwirth, actress (Lilith-Cheers, Damn Yankees), was born in Princeton, NJ.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1959
The DJIA closed the decade at 679.36.
(WSJ, 4/8/04, p.C4)
----------------------------
31-12-1960
The farthing coin ceases to be legal tender in the United Kingdom.
----------------------------
31-12-1961
انتهاء ( خطة مارشال ) لإعادة إعمار أوروبا بعد الحرب
The Marshall Plan expires after distributing more than $12 billion USD in foreign aid to rebuild Europe.
----------------------------
31-12-1961
انقلاب القوميين" في لبنان: ( الحزب السوري القومي الاجتماعي ) يحاول الاستيلاء على السلطة في لبنان في انقلاب عسكري تنجح السلطات اللبنانية في قمعه.
----------------------------
31-12-1961
في الكويت : صدر مرسوم أميري بالقانون رقم 35 لسنة 1961 بانشاء ( الصندوق الكويتي للتنمية الاقتصادية العربية ) بهدف مساعدة الدول العربية والدول النامية على تطوير اقتصادياتها ومدها بالقروض اللازمة لتنفيذ برامج التنمية فيها
.
----------------------------
31-12-1961
Beach Boys played their debut gig under that name. The Beach Boys band was formed with brothers Brian, Carl and Dennis Wilson, cousin Mike Love and friend Al Jardine. Their hit “Surfin” came out the same year.
(SFC, 7/14/96, DB p.50)(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1961
The Marshall Plan expired after distributing more than $12 billion in foreign aid.
(AP, 12/31/97)
----------------------------
31-12-1963
The Central African Federation officially collapses and splits into Zambia, Malawi and Rhodesia.
----------------------------
31-12-1964
اقامت الكويت علاقات دبلوماسية على مستوى السفراء مع فرنسا.
----------------------------
31-12-1964
Death of ( ?lafur Thors, Prime Minister of Iceland (b. 1892)
----------------------------
31-12-1964
Syrian-based al-Fatah guerrillas of Yasser Arafat launched their 1st raid on Israel with the aim of provoking a retaliation and sparking an Arab war against Israel. Fatah, a Palestinian movement for independence, made the first terror attack on Israel and initiated the armed struggle for a state.
(WSJ, 1/22/98, p.A1)(SFEC, 1/2/00, p.A24)(WSJ, 6/5/02, p.D7)
----------------------------
31-12-1965
California became the largest state in population.
(HN, 12/31/98)
----------------------------
31-12-1968
The Soviet Union's TU-144, similar in appearance to the Concorde, made its 1st flight. The first Tu-144S production aircraft crashed at the 1973 Paris Air Show.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tupolev_Tu-144)
----------------------------
31-12-1969
In Clarksville, Pa., Joseph Yablonski and his wife and daughter were killed.
3 weeks earlier ,Yablonski had lost an election for the presidency of the (United Mine Workers) .
----------------------------
31-12-1969
Salvatore Baccaloni (69), opera basso buffa and actor (Full of Life), died.
(MC, 12/31/01)
----------------------------
31-12-1969
تغيير اسم ( الكونغو برازافيل ) إلى (جمهورية الكونغو الشعبية)
----------------------------
31-12-1970
Congress authorized the Eisenhower dollar coin.
(http://eisenhowerdollarguide.com/)
----------------------------
31-12-1970
Paul McCartney filed a lawsuit to dissolve the Beatles’ partnership.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_McCartney)
----------------------------
31-12-1970
President Allende nationalized the Chilean coal mines.
(
www.historyorb.com/countries/chile)----------------------------
31-12-1971
Death of ( Vikram Sarabhai, Indian physicist (b. 1919)
----------------------------
31-12-1972
Roberto Clemente (b.1934), baseball player, died in a plane crash while enroute from Puerto Rico to help earthquake victims in Nicaragua.
In 2006 David Maraniss authored “Clemente.”
(WSJ, 4/2/01, p.A20)(WSJ, 4/27/06, p.D7)
----------------------------
31-12-1974
US Congress overrode Pres. Ford’s veto of the Freedom of Information Act-strengthening amendments in the Privacy Act of 1974. It was passed in the wake of the Watergate scandal. It allowed ordinary citizens to hold the US government accountable by requesting public documents and records.
(SSFC, 1/6/02, p.D4)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_Act_of_1974)
----------------------------
31-12-1974
Private US citizens were allowed to buy and own gold for the first time in more than 40 years.
(AP, 12/31/97)
----------------------------
31-12-1977
"Bubbling Brown Sugar" closed at ANTA Theater NYC after 766 performances.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bubbling_Brown_Sugar)
----------------------------
31-12-1977
Cambodia broke relations with Vietnam.
(HN, 12/31/98)
--------------
31-12-1977
وفاة الشيخ ( صباح السالم الصباح( Sabah Al-Salim Al-Sabah) حاكم الكويت الثاني عشر
نبذة عن الشيخ صباح السالم الصباح:ولد صباح السالم الصباح سنة 1924
و كان أول وزيرخارجية بالوزارة الأولى في تاريخ الكويت وذلك من عام 1962 ،
تسلم زمام الحكم بالكويت في 24-11-1965 بعد وفاة اخيه الشيخ (عبدالله السالم الصباح ).
و في عهده تم عقد انتخابات لعضوية مجلس الأمة الكويتي ، و قد بدأت جلسات مجلس الأمة1967 في 7-2-1967 ، و قد انتهت أعماله في 30-12-1970، وكان أحمد زيد السرحان يرأس المجلس حتى عام 1970 و أصدر هذا المجلس قانون دعم الدول العربية في حربها ضد إسرائيل و قانون إنشاء محكمة أمن الدولة
و في 10-2-1971 تم بدأ أعمال مجلس الأمة 1971 و ترأس المجلس خالد صالح الغنيم حتى عام 1975، و أصدرهذا المجلس قانوناً بإنشاء ( المحكمة الدستورية ) و انتهت أعماله في 8-1- 1975
و في 11-2-1975 بدأ أعمال مجلس الأمة1975 ، و كان رئيسه خالد صالح الغنيم و من أهم منجزات هذا المجلس قانون الخدمة العسكرية الإلزامية و قانون تأميم النفط ، ولكن انتهت أعمال المجلس في 19-7-1976 حسث قام الأمير صباح السالم بحل المجلس ،
تم في عهد الأمير صباح السالم انشاء الاندية وجمعيات النفع العام والمستشفيات المجهزة بأحدث الوسائل العلمية وكذلك المستوصفات
تطور في عهده الاسكان وازدهرت الكويت وازداد العمران وافتتحت مشاريع حضارية كثيرة. و تخليدا لذكراه أطلق اسمه على اول مدرسة ثانوية تجريبية في الكويت كما خصصت احدى المناطق الكويت لتنشأ عليها ضاحية عصرية اطلق عليها اسمه
.ولرؤية صورنه اضغط علي الرابط:
http://www.kuwaitturath.com/images/alsabah/sheik_sabah.jpg.-----------------------
31-12-1977
تولى (جابر الاحمد الجابر الصباح ) الحكم في الكويت وأصبح الحاكم رقم 13 لهذه الدولة وذلك بعد وفاة الشيخ (صباح السالم الصباح ) في صبيحة ذلك اليوم.
نبذة عن الشيخ جابر الاحمد :ولد سنة 1928 وهو الابن الثالث للشيخ احمد الجابر الحاكم العاشر للكويت بعد الشيخ عبدالله والشيخ محمد الاحمد الجابر. لاحظ والده أن لديه قدرة على تحمل المسؤوليات منذ بداية حياته فعينه عام 1949 نائبا عنه في مدينة الاحمدي وبهذا المنصب اصبح مسؤولا عن الأمن في تلك المدينة وممثلا للحكومة امام شركات النفط الاجنبية العاملة في الاحمدي
وفي فبراير 1959 أصبح رئيسا لدائرة المالية واملاك الدولة
وفي سنة 1962أصبح وزيرا للمالية والاقتصاد في أول تشكيل وزاري
وفي سنة 1963أختير وزيرا للمالية والصناعة
ثم وزيرا للمالية والصناعة والتجارة عام 1965
في ديسمبر 1965 صار رئيسا للوزراء
ثم في مايو 1966 صار وليا للعهد
و في 31-12-1977 أصبح اميرا للكويت
في يوم 8-2-1978 عين الشيخ سعد العبد الله السالم الصباح وليا للعهد
في يوم 9-3-1981 عاد مجلس الأمة الكويتي للعمل ، و الشيخ جابر هو صاحب فكرة إنشاء مجلس التعاون لدول الخليج العربية ، والذي وقع على إنشاءه في أبوظبي عاصمة دولة الإمارات العربية المتحدة بتاريخ 25-5-1981
في صيف عام 1982 حدثت أزمة سوق المناخ و قد حلت الحكومة المشكلة بعد شراءها اسهما بقيمة 2.5 مليار دولار أمريكي
في 19-1-1985 انتهت أعمال دورة مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1981 ، و قد ترأس المجلس في هذه الدورة محمد يوسف العدساني و من أهم منجزات المجلس قانون تعديل بعض أحكام قانون الجنسية و قانون بالموافقة على تيسير التبادل التجاري بين الدول العربية ،
و في 9 -3-1985 بدأت دورة مجلس الأمة الكويتي 1985 أعماله ، ولكن في 2-7-1986 أمر الأمير بحل المجلس الذي كان برئاسة رئيس المجلس في هذه الدورة أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون ، و من أهم منجزات المجلس قانون جرائم المفرقعات
في 2 -8-1990 الجيش العراقي احتل الكويت ثم أعلن حكومة كويتية مؤقتة في 4-8-1990 برئاسة العقيد في الجيش الكويتي ( علاء حسين ) لم يطل عهدها سوي عدة أيام حتى 8-8-1990 عندما أعلنت العراق ضم الكويت لأراضيها ، واعتبرتها المحافظة رقم 19 من العراق ، و اختارت (عزيز صالح النومان ) بمنصب أسمته محافظ الكويت
نشبت ( حرب الخليج الثانية ) بين العراق و تحالف دولي من 32 دولة بقيادة أمريكا عن طريق استخدام أراضي السعوديه ، أسفرت عن انتصار قوات التحالف وتحرير دولة الكويت في 26-2-1991.
قبل تحرير الكويت بأيام ، قام الجيش العراقي بتدمير آبار البترول ، و دمرت ما يقارب من 1073 بئر نفطي في الكويت ، و بدأ العمل فوراً في إطفاء الآبار في 3-3-1991، وتم إخماد آخر بئر مشتعل في الكويت يوم 6-11-1991
بعد التحرير حضر الشيخ سعد العبد الله الصباح إلي الكويت، ليكون حاكم لها بعد تطبيق الأحكام العرفية ،
و بعد أربعة أشهر من تطبيقها رفعت الأحكام العرفية في 26-6-1991
في 20-10-1992 أعيدت الحياة النيابية في مجلس الأمة الكويتي الذي استمر حتي 5-10-1996 ، و قد ترأس (أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون ) ذلك المجلس
و في 20-10-1996 بدأت أعمال مجلس الأمة الكويتي الجديد وقد رأس أحمد عبد العزيز السعدون هذا المجلس حتي 4-5-1999 عندما أمر أمير الكويت جابر بحل المجلس
و في 17-7-1999 بدأت أعمال مجلس الأمة الكويتي التالي ، و قد ترأس المجلس جاسم الخرافي و انتهت أعمال المجلس في 30-6-2003 ،
و في 15-1-2006 توفي الأمير جابر الأحمد ،
ولمطالعة صورته فالرابط هو :
http://www.kuwaitturath.com/images/alsabah/sheik_jaber2.bmp .
-----------------------------
31-12-1978
عودة العلاقات الرسمية بين الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية والصين الشعبية بعد انقطاع دام 29 سنة.
-----------------------------
31-12-1978
John McFall (1918-2006), an 11-term California Democrat, resigned from the US House of Representatives. In October the House had reprimanded him and 2 other California Democratic colleagues, Edward Roybal and Charles Wilson, for the questionable handling of money donated by South Korean businessman Tongsun Park.
(SFC, 3/15/06, p.B7)
----------------------------
31-12-1978
Peter Seeburg, one of 3 Univ. of California scientists who had identified the DNA for human growth hormone earlier in the year, returned to UCSF in a "midnight raid" and remove genetic material. Seeburg had left the university in late 1978 to join Genentech giving up rights to his materials, for which UCSF had filed a patent. In 1990 UCSF filed a patent infringement suit against Genentech.
(SFC, 5/21/99, p.B2)(
www.mindfully.org/GE/Biotech-Born-Thief-1978.htm)----------------------------
31-12-1978
Taiwanese diplomats struck their colors for the final time from the embassy flagpole in Washington, marking the end of diplomatic relations with the United States.
(AP, 12/31/97)
----------------------------
31-12-1980
في السنغال : الرئيس السنغالي ( ليوبولد سيدار سنغور ) يسلم (عبدو ضيوف ) رئاسة الجمهورية.
----------------------------
31-12-1980
افتتحت جمهورية النيجر سفارة لها في دولة الكويت.
----------------------------
31-12-1980
Death of ( Marshall McLuhan ), Canadian writer (b. 1911)
----------------------------
31-12-1980
A bomb blast wrecked the Jewish-owned Norfolk Hotel in Nairobi, Kenya, killing 16 people and wounding more than 80.
(
www.emergency-management.net/bombings.htm)----------------------------
31-12-1980
Marshall McLuhan (b.1911), Canadian professor, cultural philosopher and writer, died at age 69. He was the author "Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man." In 1996 a CD-ROM titled "Understanding McLuhan" was released.
(SFEC, 9/8/96, BR p.8)(V.D.-H.K.p.357)(AP, 12/31/05)
----------------------------
31-12-1981
CNN launches Headline News.
----------------------------
31-12-1981
The Blue and Gold Fleet discontinued its ferry service between Berkeley and SF due to low usage. The service had operated for 5 months averaging 169 passengers a day.
(SFC, 12/30/05, p.F2)
----------------------------
31-12-1981
In Ghana Lt. Jerry Rawlings, a young fighter pilot, toppled Pres. Hilla Limann.
(SFEC, 1/25/98, p.A22)
----------------------------
31-12-1981
الطيار ( جيري رولينجز ) يتولى السلطة في غانا بعد انقلاب علي الرئيس (هيلا ليمان ) علق على اثره الدستور ومنع الاحزاب السياسية.
Coup d'état in Ghana removes President Hilla Limann's PNP government and replaces it with the Provisional National Defence Council led by Flight Lieutenant Jerry Rawlings.
----------------------------
31-12-1982
في بولندا : تعليق العمل بقانون الأحكام العرفية
تعقيب : تم إلغاء هذا القانون نهائياً في 22-7-1983
In Poland :Martial Law was suspended.
----------------------------
31-12-1983
In France bombings in the main railroad terminal in Marseilles and on the Paris-Marseilles express train killed 5 people and injured 50. The attack was attributed to Carlos the Jackal, aka Ilich Ramirez Sanchez.
(SFC,12/11/97, p.C2)
(http://lists.jammed.com/IWAR/1997/12/0117.html)
----------------------------
31-12-1983
انقلاب في نيجيريا بقيادة الجنرال محمد بوهاري أطاح بالنظام القائم
----------------------------
31-12-1983
The (AT&T Bell System ) is broken up by the United States Government.
-----------------------------
31-12-1984
الولايات المتحدة تنسحب من منظمة التربية والثقافة والعلوم - يونسكو
----------------------------
31-12-1984
NYC subway gunman Bernhard Goetz surrendered to police in NH.
(http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3709/is_199801/ai_n8770775)
------------------------------
31-12-1985
Singer Rick Nelson (45) and six other people were killed when fire broke out aboard a DC-3 that was taking the group to a New Year's Eve performance in Dallas.
(AP, 12/31/97)
------------------------------
31-12-1985
تنصيب ( راجيف غاندي ) رئيسًا لوزراء الهند، وزعيمًا لحزب المؤتمر الهندي خلفا لوالدته التي لاقت مصرعها.
------------------------------
31-12-1986
حريق في فندق ديوبونت بلازا في مدينة سان جوانت بولاية بورتريكو
A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, kills 97 and injures 140.
------------------------------
31-12-1986
A fire at the Dupont Plaza Hotel in San Juan, Puerto Rico, killed 97 and injured 140 people. Three hotel workers later pleaded guilty to charges in connection with the blaze.
(AP, 12/31/97)
------------------------------
31-12-1987
One second was added to the year to compensate for precession of earth's axis.
(HN, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1987
Robert Mugabe was sworn in as Zimbabwe's first executive president.
(AP, 12/31/97)
------------------------------
31-12-1987
Robert Mugabe assumes office as President of Zimbabwe.
------------------------------
31-12-1988
President Reagan and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev exchanged New Year's messages in which both leaders expressed optimism about future superpower relations.
(AP, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1989
"Me & My Girl," a revival of the 1937 British musical, closed at Marquis Theater, NYC, after 1420 performances.
(http://tinyurl.com/k3y4d)
------------------------------
31-12-1989
The Japanese Nikkei Index peaked at 38,915. The DJIA was at 2753.
(WSJ, 9/5/01, p.C1)
------------------------------
31-12-1989
رئيس وزراء إسرائيل اسحاق شامير يقوم بفصل الوزير وايزمان من الحكومة لاجتماعه مع مسئولين من منظمة التحرير الفلسطينية (فتح)
Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Shamir fired Science Minister Ezer Weizman, accusing him of meeting with officials of the Palestine Liberation Organization.
(AP, 12/31/99)
------------------------------
31-12-1990
Sci-Fi Channel on cable TV began transmitting.
(
www.scopesys.com/cgi-bin/today2.cgi?askmonth=12&askday=31)------------------------------
31-12-1990
George Allen, US football coach (LA Rams, Wash Redskins), died.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Allen_(football))
------------------------------
31-12-1990
Death of ( Vasili Lazarev, Soviet cosmonaut (b. 1928)
------------------------------
31-12-1991
The Soviet Union is officially dissolved.
------------------------------
31-12-1991
President Bush arrived in Australia as part of a 12-day Pacific trip.
(AP, 12/31/01)
------------------------------
31-12-1991
Representatives of the government of El Salvador and rebels reached agreement at the United Nations on a peace accord aimed at ending 12 years of civil war.
(AP, 12/31/01)
------------------------------
31-12-1991
This was the last day of existence for the USSR.
(
www.pbs.org/newshour/extra/features/july-dec01/russia_coup.html)------------------------------
31-12-1992
President Bush visited Somalia, where he saw firsthand the famine racking the east African nation. He praised U.S. troops that provided relief to the starving population.
(AP, 12/31/97)
------------------------------
31-12-1992
U.N. Secretary-General Boutros Boutros-Ghali was jeered by Bosnians during a visit to Sarajevo.
(AP, 12/31/97)
------------------------------
31-12-1992
The Nation of Czechoslovakia officially ended with division into two Nations: Slovakia and the Czech Republic in 1992. When the country split, all citizens were deemed to be either Czech or Slovak, based on their parentage. The vast majority of the Romany living in the Czech Republic are of Slovak descent, and they had to apply for Czech citizenship.
(HFA, '96, p.44) (SFC, 5/13/96, p.A-8)
------------------------------
31-12-1993
Entertainer Barbra Streisand performed her first paid concert in 22 years, singing to a sellout crowd at the MGM Grand Garden in Las Vegas.
(AP, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1993
Former IBM chairman Thomas J. Watson died in Greenwich, Conn., at age 79.
(AP, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1993
Former Georgian President Zviad Gamsakhurdia (b.1939) died on New Year’s Eve. He had returned to lead an uprising in western Georgia, but the fighting was quickly put down and Gamsakhurdia was surrounded. His body was then taken to Chechnya. In 2007 His body was returned for burial in Georgia.
(AP, 3/28/07)
------------------------------
31-12-1993
موت الموسيقار المصري ( بليغ حمدي )عن 64 عاماً
------------------------------
31-12-1993
موت الممثل السينمائي المصري ( صلاح ذو الفقار ) عن 67 عاماً
------------------------------
31-12-1993
Death of ( Maj-Gen John Frost, British para commander, Operation Market-Garden (b. 1912)
------------------------------
31-12-1993
Death of ( Zviad Gamsakhurdia), first President of Georgia (b. 1939)
------------------------------
31-12-1994
John C. Salvi III, accused of killing two receptionists at two Boston-area abortion clinics on Dec 30, was arrested in Norfolk, Va. Salvi, later convicted of murder, committed suicide in prison.
(AP, 12/31/04)
------------------------------
31-12-1994
Bosnian government officials and Bosnian Serb leaders signed a U.N.-brokered cease-fire agreement.
(AP, 12/31/99)
------------------------------
31-12-1994
Russian ground forces launched a ferocious assault on the Chechen capital of Grozny.
(AP, 12/31/99)
------------------------------
31-12-1994
This date is skipped altogether in Kiribati as the Phoenix Islands and Line Islands change time zones from UTC-11 to UTC+13 and UTC-10 to UTC+14, respectively.
------------------------------
31-12-1995
Pres. Clinton and Monica Lewinsky engaged in their 3rd sexual encounter. By this time Lewinsky was a member of the staff of the Office of legislative Affairs.
(SFC, 9/12/98, p.A12)
------------------------------
31-12-1995
The first US tanks crossed a pontoon bridge over the Sava River from Croatia to Bosnia to start the deployment of 20,000 US troops under IFOR, the Implementation Force under NATO command.
(WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A14)
------------------------------
31-12-1995
Bosnian government officials and Bosnian Serb leaders signed a UN-brokered cease-fire agreement.
(AP, 12/31/00)
------------------------------
31-12-1995
Russian ground forces launched a ferocious assault on the Chechen capital of Grozny.
(AP, 12/31/00)
------------------------------
31-12-1996
In China former student leader Li Hai was sentenced to 9 years in prison on charges of prying into state secrets.
(SFC, 1/1/97, p.C2)
------------------------------
31-12-1996
Leftist rebels in Peru released two diplomats, leaving 81 hostages in the besieged Japanese embassy residence in Lima.
(AP, 12/31/97)
------------------------------
31-12-1996
In Syria a New Year’s Eve bomb on a bus killed 9 and injured 44.
(SFC, 1/3/97, p.A17)
------------------------------
31-12-1997
A federal judge in Texas ruled that parts of the 1996 Telecommunications Act are unconstitutional.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A1)
------------------------------
31-12-1997
Microsoft bought the Hotmail E-mail service.
(
www.bizjournals.com/sanjose/stories/1997/12/29/daily12.html)------------------------------
31-12-1997
Michael L. Kennedy, 39-year-old son of the late US Sen. Robert F. Kennedy, was killed in a ski accident at Aspen, Colo.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A1)(AP, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1997
Pianist Floyd Cramer died in Nashville, Tenn., at age 64.
(AP, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1997
In Sorocaba, Brazil, riot troops stormed a prison where inmates held hundreds of hostages, quickly ending a three-day rebellion without any deaths.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A14)(AP, 12/31/98)
------------------------------
31-12-1997
China banned leaded gasoline in the whole Beijing area.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A17)
------------------------------
31-12-1997
The US State Dept. reported that Iraq had ordered the summary execution of “hundreds if not thousands” of political detainees in recent weeks. The exiled Iraqi Communist party in London said 1,500 prisoners were killed on Nov 21. The exiled Iraqi National Congress said 800 prisoners were recently executed. A former Dutch foreign minister and UN Human Rights investigator said about 200 were reportedly executed. Iraq denied the charges.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A17)(SFC, 1/2/98, p.A18)
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31-12-1997
In Kenya projected counts indicated that Moi would win the elections with about 40% of the vote. Former vice-president Mwai Kibaki had about 30%.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A17)
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31-12-1997
Masked gunmen opened fire at the Clifton Tavern in Belfast and left one man dead and 5 wounded. The Loyalist Volunteer Force admitted killing Eddie Trainor (31) and wounding 5 others.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A16)(SFC, 1/2/98, p.A15)
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31-12-1997
In Pakistan: Rafiz Tarar won the presidential election with 374 votes in the National Assembly. He faced a Jan 12 court hearing on charges of defaming the judiciary last month.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A17)
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31-12-1997
In Zambia: former Pres. Kaunda (73) was released from prison and placed under house arrest.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A18)
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31-12-1998
In New Orleans a truck loaded with fireworks exploded prior to a New Years Eve show. 2 technicians were killed.
(SFC, 1/2/99, p.A12)
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31-12-1998
In Cambodia Hun Sen said he would not oppose a trial of the 2 recently emerged Khmer Rouge defectors. The National Assembly passed a $393.4 million budget that included $133 million for defense and security.
(SFC, 1/2/99, p.A8)(SFC, 1/2/99, p.C12)
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31-12-1998
In China the collected villages of Bujun in Sichuan province cast ballots for their own magistrate.
(SFC, 1/26/99, p.A13)
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31-12-1998
Europe's leaders proclaimed a new era as 11 nations merged currencies to create the euro, a shared money they said would boost business, underpin unity and strengthen their role in world affairs.
(AP, 12/31/99)
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31-12-1998
Exchange rates between the euro and legacy currencies in the Eurozone become fixed.
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31-12-1999
( بوريس يلتسين ) يستقيل من رئاسة الجمهورية الروسية بخطاب رسمى اعتذر فيه عن فشله فى تحقيق أحلام الشعب الروسى، وقام بترشيح فلاديمير بوتين خلفا له
وسلطات الرئيس تنتقل إلى رئيس الوزراء فلاديمير بوتين وذلك كرئيس فعلي غير منتخب تنتهي رئاسته بتمام إجراءات انتخابات الرئاسة
Boris Yeltsin resigned as President of Russia, leaving Prime Minister Vladimir Putin as the acting President.
ولد يلتسين فى 1-2-1931. .
عام 1934 اتهم أبوه نيكولاى يلتسين بمعاداة النظام السوفييي وحُكم عليه بالسجن 3 سنوات، وبعد خروجه تعرض للبطالة حتي اشتغل بمجال البناء
أما أمه ( كلافدييا فاسيلييفنا ييلتسينا ) فقد عملت بمهنة حياكة الملابس
درس بوريس يلتسين فى مدرسة بوشكين الثانوية، وكان طالبا مجدا ومشاكسا أيضا، فشارك فى معارك الشوارع، ويقال أنه كان دائم الدخول في صراعات مع المعلمين فى المدرسة ومع والده.. وفى هذه الصراعات كان كثيرا ما يخرج منتصراً
وكان مولعاً بالرياضة (خاصة التزلج والجمباز والكرة الطائرة وألعاب القوى والملاكمة والمصارعة)
ثم واصل تعليمه العالى فى معهد الأورال التقنى فى الأورال وتخرج عام 1955 متخصصا فى البناء
في الفترة ( 1955- 1957) عمل عامل بناء
في الفترة ( 1957- 1963) عمل فى مقاطعة سفيردلوفسك، وظل يترقى حتى صار رئيسا لمديرية البناء ثم رئيسا للمهندسين فى عام 1963.
وفى 1965 صار رئيسا لدار سفيردلوفسك للبناء ثم التحق بالحزب الشيوعى عام 1968 على أثر تعيينه رئيسا للجنة الحزبية الإقليمية للبناء فى سفيردلوفسك
بعد تفكك، الاتحاد السوفيتى : بأغلبية 57% من الأصوات جاء يلتسين على رأس السلطة فى 12-6-1991 ليشغل منصب (رئيس جمهورية روسيا الاتحادية الاشتراكية السوفيتية) ، وأصبح أول رئيس منتخب للاتحاد الروسى، وعلق عليه الشعب الروسى الأمل في تحسين مستوي المعيشة السياسى والاقتصادي لكن سياساته الرأسمالية التى شرع فيها منذ سنة 1992 أدت إلى تدهور الخدمات وانتشار البطالة والفساد والتضخم ، ولذلك كان عهد يلتسين فترة مظلمة فى تاريخ روسيا الحديث
فاز فى انتخابات سنة 1996 وظل فى السلطة حتى استقال فى 31-12-1999
ومات يوم 23-4-2007
=============================
31-12-1999
Five hijackers, who had been holding 155 hostages on an Indian Airlines plane, leave the plane with two Islamic clerics that they had demanded be freed.
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31-12-1999
الحكومة الأمريكية تسلم إدارة قناة بنما إلى الحكومة البنمية حسب المتفق عليه سنة 1977 بين البلدين
USA hands (Panama Canal) control over to( Panama) as well all the adjacent land to the canal known as the Panama Canal Zone.
This act complied with the signing of the 1977 Torrijos-Carter Treaties.
The US was by a 1977 treaty required to give up control of the Panama Canal and withdraw its forces by this date. The treaty also required the US to pay for environmental cleanup.
(SFC, 10/2/96, p.A8)(SFC, 10/15/98, p.C5)
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31-12-1999
وفاة العلامة الشيخ ( أبو الحسن الندوي ) مؤسس المجمع العلمي الإسلامي في الهند
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31-12-1999
The $500,000 Anheuser-Busch prize to the first person of team to circle the globe in a balloon expires. An additional $500,000 goes to a charity of the winner’s choice.
(SFC, 1/1/98, p.A6)
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31-12-1999
An arson attack of the genetic research building at Michigan State University caused $3.7 million in damages. Frank Ambrose of Detroit later admitted to the arson and went undercover for investigations of eco-terrorism. In 2008 Ambrose was sentenced to 9 years in prison.
(WSJ, 10/11/08, p.A7)(
www.earthfirstjournal.org/article.php?id=409)(SFC, 10/21/08, p.A3)
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31-12-1999
In Afghanistan the hijackers of an Indian airline Flight 814 (see Dec 24) released all 150 hostages after India released 3 jailed militants: Maulana Masood Azhar, leader of the Harkat-ul-Ansar rebel group, Omar Sheikh and Mushtaq Zargat, an Indian Kashmiri. 4 hijackers came off the plane and left one dead hijacker behind. The Taliban gave them 10 hours to leave the country.
(SFC, 1/1/00, p.A19)(SFEC, 1/2/00, p.A25)
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31-12-1999
Burundian soldiers killed at least 43 people including children in the Kabezi commune in Bujumbura Rural province.
(SFC, 1/8/00, p.A10)
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31-12-1999
In Congo Jean-Pierre Bemba said his Congolese Liberation Movement forces had ambushed and killed 80 government troops at Libanda.
(SFC, 1/1/00, p.D4)
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31-12-1999
Europe’s leaders proclaimed a new era as eleven nations merged currencies to create the euro, a shared money they said would boost business, underpin unity and strengthen their role in world affairs.
(AP, 12/31/00)
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31-12-1999
In Indonesia thousands of residents fled clashes between the Christians and Muslims in the Spice Islands. 350 people had died in 5 days of violence. 5 people were killed at Makariki on Seram Island and security forces imposed a curfew.
(SFC, 1/1/00, p.D4)
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31-12-1999
In Iran Supreme Ayatollah Ali Khamenei called for the destruction of Israel during demonstrations for "Al-Quds Day." Al-Quds is the Arabic name for Jerusalem.
(SFC, 1/1/00, p.D4)
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31-12-1999
In Lebanon Muslim militants ambushed an army patrol and killed 4 soldiers with 3 wounded in Diniyah. A kidnapped soldier was found dead the next day and a kidnapped Lt. Col. Was missing.
(SFEC, 1/2/00, p.A27)
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31-12-1999
Pres. Yeltsin (68) announced his resignation and handed power over to PM Putin. Yeltsin approved a law just before resigning that required presidential candidates to collect 1 million registered signatures to win a place on the next ballet. Putin flew to Chechnya and vowed to pursue terrorists everywhere.
(SFC, 1/1/00, p.A1)(SFC, 1/3/00, p.A9)(Econ, 3/1/08, p.54)
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