Turkic migration to the country of modern Turkey

Turkic migration

Population of Anatolia:
Before the Turkic settlement, the local population of Anatolia had reached an estimated level of 12 to 14 million people during the late Roman Period
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Between the 6th and 11th centuries:
The migration of Turks occurred during the main Turkic migration across most of Central Asia and into Europe and the Middle East
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In 11th century:Mainly Turkic people living in the Seljuk Empire arrived Turkey

The Seljuks proceeded to gradually conquer the Anatolian part of the Byzantine Empire

In the following centuries, the local population began to be assimilated into the Turkish people
More Turkic migrants began to intermingle with the local inhabitants over years, thus the Turkish-speaking population was bolstered
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Seljuq Dynasty:

The House of Seljuk was a branch of the Kınık Oğuz Turks who resided on the periphery of the Muslim world, north of the Caspian and Aral Seas in the Yabghu Khaganate of the Oğuz confederacy in the 10th century

In the 11th century, the Turkic people living in the Seljuk Empire started migrating from their ancestral homelands towards the eastern regions of Anatolia, which eventually became a new homeland of Oğuz Turkic tribes following the Battle of Manzikert in 1071

The victory of the Seljuks gave rise to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum, a separate branch of the larger Seljuk Empire and to some Turkish principalities (beyliks), mostly situated towards the Eastern Anatolia which were vassals of or at war with Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
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In 1243, the Seljuk armies were defeated by the Mongols in the Battle of Kosedag, and the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm became a vassal of the Mongols

This caused the Seljuks to lose its power. Hulegu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan founded the Ilkhanate in the southwestern part of the Mongol Empire

The Ilkhanate State ruled Anatolia by Mongol military governors

In 1308: Last Seljuk sultan died

The Mongol invasion of Transoxiana, Iran, Azerbaijan and Anatolia caused Turkomens to move to Western Anatolia

The Turkomens founded some Anatolian principalities (beyliks) under the Mongol dominion in Turkey

The most powerful beyliks were the Karamanoğlu (or the Karamanid) and the Germiyan in the central area. Along the Aegean coast, from north to south, stretched Karesi, Saruhan, Aydınoğlu, Menteşe and Teke principalities

The Candaroğlu (also called İsfendiyaroğlu) controlled the Black Sea region round Kastamonu and Sinop

The Beylik of Ottoman Dynasty was situated in the northwest of Anatolia, around Söğüt, and it was a small and insignificant state at that time

The Ottoman beylik would, however, evolve into the Ottoman Empire over the next 200 years, expanding throughout the Balkans, Anatolia

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Source:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Turkey