أحداث السنوات من سنة 390 م إلي سنة 399 م

أحداث السنوات من سنة 390 م إلي سنة 399 م

=================================

المصادر :

لآلئ

ويكيبيديا

مصادر أخري

موضوع: أحداث سنة 390 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 4:05 pm

سنة 390

=================
16-7-390
Brennus and Gauls defeated the Romans at Allia.
(MC, 7/16/02)
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390@Roman Empire

In response to the murder of his general Butheric, Theodosius I orders a massacre of the inhabitants of Thessalonica. Appalled by the brutality of this action, Ambrose excommunicates him.

Theodosius brings an obelisk from Egypt to the Hippodrome of Constantinople.

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390@India

Rudrasena becomes emperor of Vakataka in the Deccan Plateau of India. In the same year he marries Prabhavatigupta, daughter of Chandragupta II

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390@Art:

c. 390-401 - Priestless of Bacchus(?), right panel of a diptych, is made. It is now kept at Victoria and Albert Museum, London.

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390@ Religions:

Jerome, having finished the Latin translation of the New Testament, begins translating the Old Testament

The Kama Sutra is revised by Vatsyayana

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[390] Births

Marcian, Eastern Roman Emperor (approximate date)

Bleda, king of the Huns

Prosper of Aquitaine, disciple of Augustine of Hippo

Galla Placidia, daughter of Theodosius I, wife of Constantius III and mother of Valentinian III

Gao Yun

Xie Hui

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[390] Deaths

Apollinaris of Laodicea, bishop

Consort Chen Guinü

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 391 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 4:09 pm

</SPAN>

سنة 391

=================

391-418
ملك الغساسنة رقم15 = النعمان بن عمرو بن المنذر
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391@Roman Empire

All non-Christian temples in the Empire are closed, as Theodosius establishes Christianity as the official state religion. The eternal fire in the Temple of Vesta in the Roman Forum was extinguished, and the Vestal Virgins were disbanded.
Quintus Aurelius Symmachus is urban prefect in Rome, and petitions Theodosius I to re-open the pagan temples. He is opposed by Ambrose.

===============

391@ East Asia

Gwanggaeto the Great ascends to the throne.

===============

391@North Asia

A Rouran chief named Heduohan (曷多汗) is defeated and killed in battle against the Toba Northern Wei Dynasty.

Surviving Rouran move west towards the Gaoche, led by Heduohan's son and successor, Shelun

===============

[391] Deaths

Zhai Liao
Heduohan, chief of the Rouran tribes (killed in battle against the Northern Wei)

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 392 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 4:19 pm

سنة 392

----------------------------------------------------------------

15-5-392

Death of Valentinian II, Roman Emperor
Valentinian II(21), emperor of Rome (375-392), was murdered.
(MC, 5/15/02)

المرادفات:

Valentinianus II=Valentinian II
===========================

22-8-392

in Roman Empire:

Arbogast elevates Eugenius as Emperor, after the mysterious death of Valentinian II in Gaul

=======================

8-11-392
Theodosius of Rome passed legislation prohibiting all pagan worship in the empire and declared Christianity the state religion.
(HN, 11/6/98)(MC, 11/8/01)

==========================
392

الامبراطور الروماني يصدر مرسوما يؤكد علي حظر الصلوات والقرابين في المعابد غير المسيحية

In Roman Empire: Theodosius I issues an edict reinforcing the prohibition of prayers or sacrifices at non-Christian temples.

==========================
392

Birth of Emperor Mingyuan of Northern Wei

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موضوع: سنة 393 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 4:44 pm

سنة 393

===================================

سنة 393
إلغاء الألعاب الأوليمبية بأمر الامبراطور الروماني بعد أن فقدت اليونان استقلاليتها
The ancient Olympic Games were held at intervals beginning in 776 BC until about 393 CE when they were abolished by Roman emperor Theodosius I after Greece lost its independence.

تعقيب : عاد الأوليمبياد من جديدبشكله الحديث سنة 1896م

The modern Olympic Games were started in 1896.
[see 396CE]
(HNQ, 11/23/98)
********************************

23-1-393

Roman Emperor Theodosius I proclaims his nine year old son Honorius Augustus

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393@ Roman Empire

Theodosius I outlaws the Olympic Games, ending a thousand years of festivals, as part of the general Christian policy to establish universal Christian worship in accordance with the doctrines set forth in the Nicene Creed

===================

393@ China:

Gao Zu succeeds Tai Zu as Emperor of the Later Qin Empire in China

====================

393

Birth of Theodoret of Cyrrhus, influential author, early church theologian and Christian bishop of Cyrrhus, Syria (423–457)

=================

393

Birth of Empress Sima Maoying

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[393] Deaths

Eunomius of Cyzicus, Arian bishop and theologian -

Zhai Zhao -

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 394 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 5:00 pm

سنة 394

===================================

#######################################

394@Roman Empire

6-9-394

Battle of the Frigidus: Emperor Theodosius I defeats and kills the usurper Eugenius and his Frankish magister militum Arbogast

=================

6-9-394
Theodosius became sole ruler of Italy after defeating Eugenius at the Battle of the River Frigidus.
(HN, 9/6/98)

=================

8-9-394
Arbogast, French general, committed suicide.
(MC, 9/8/01)

-------------------------------------------

394

The sacred fire of the Roman Empire stops burning

(see Vesta and Vestal Virgins)

==================

394

394200,000 soldiers guard the borders, and a reserve force of 50,000 is available for deployment.

Many Roman soldiers are from Germanic tribes

تعليق : هناك خطأ في الرقم الاول

==================

394

An obelisk, taken from Egypt, is erected near the hippodrome in Constantinople

===================

394

Emperor Theodosius I bans the Olympic Games

==============

394@ Egypt:

آخر كتابة بالهيروغليفية علي ورق البردي

The last known Hieroglyph is written in Philae, Egypt

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394

Epiphanius of Salamis attacks Origen as a heretic.

========================

394

The Council of Bagaï in Africa brings 310 Donatist bishops together

========================

394

Birth of Gunabhadra, Indian Buddhist scholar-monk

==============

394

Birth of Jangsu of Gorguryeo, 20th monarch of Goguryeo

===============

Deaths in 394

Libanius, rhetorician (approximate date)
Didymus the Blind, theologian
Fu Chong
Fu Deng
Murong Yong
Yao Chang

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 395 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 5:12 pm

سنة 395

17-1-395
موت ثاؤدوسيوس الكبير

Death of :Theodosius I, Roman Emperor

كان ثيودوسيوس الأول (379-395) آخر امبراطور روماني حـَكـَم الإمبراطورية الرومانية الموحدة .

بعد موته إقتسم إبناه أنوريس وإركاديوس الإمبراطورية الرومانية

Emperor Theodosius I (49), the Great, Spanish head of Rome, died. Theodosius I wrote into his will that upon his death the eastern and western sections of the empire should be declared separate empires. His death in this year marks the split of the Roman and Byzantine Empire.
(ATC, p.24)(MC, 1/17/02)
--------------------------
395-408

امبراطورالامبراطورية الرومانية (البيزنطية) = أركاديوس

----------------------------

395
انقسام الإمبراطورية الرومانية بشكل دائم إلى إمبراطورية شرقية وأخرى غربية.
1-الإمبراطورية الرومانية الشرقية Eastern Roman Empire

وتشمل كل الجزء الشرقي من أراضي الامبراطورية حتى بدء ولاية ليبيا
و اللغة السائدة كانت لغة يونانية والثقافة هيلينية
2- Western Roman Empi الإمبراطورية الرومانية الغربية
وتشمل كل الجزء االغربي من أراضي الامبراطورية حتى بدء ولاية ليبيا
يحكمها الابن (اركاديوس ) أم يحكمها الابن (أنوريس ) ؟؟

***********************************

395@ Roman Empire:

After the death of emperor Theodosius I, the Empire is re-divided into an eastern and a western half. The eastern half is centered in Constantinople under Arcadius, son of Theodosius I, and the western half in Rome under Honorius, his brother

-----------------------
Arcadius marries Aelia Eudoxia, daughter of the Frankish general Flavius Bauto.
-----------------------
Alaric the Visigothic, general of the foederati, renounces Roman fealty and is declared king, waging war against both parts of the Empire, and ending a 16-year period of peace between Romans and Visigoths
-----------------------
The Visigoths, led by Alaric, invade and devastate Thrace and Macedonia, impose a tribute on Athens, and then turn their sights on the West

***********************************

395@ Asia

The last Western Satrap, Rudrasimha III, is defeated by the Guptas

=====================

395@ Arts and Sciences

Possible date that Ambrosius Theodosius Macrobius published his Saturnalia.

===========================

395

Birth of Avitus, Western Roman Emperor

----------------------------
395

Death of :Ausonius, poet and rhetorician

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395 @Church:

Saint Augustine becomes Bishop of Hippo Regius. His assignment is the reunification of the Roman Catholic Church in Africa, primarily focusing on the Donatist movement led by Primianus.

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موضوع: سنة 396 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 5:17 pm

سنة 396

396
The last Olympic Games were held under Emp. Theodosius I, who halted them due to increasing professionalism and corruption. [see 393CE] In 2004 Nigel Spivey authored “The Ancient Olympics.”
(SFC, 7/14/96, p.T1)(WSJ, 8/13/04, p.W8)

=========================

396@ Western Roman Empire

The Romans enlist the Franks and the Alemanni to defend the Rhine border.

=====================================

396@ Eastern Roman Empire:

The Visigoths plundered Corinth, Argos and Sparta then withdrew to Epirus before the Roman army under Stilicho.

----------------------------

The Huns occupy the Walachian Plain.

The Eleusinian Mysteries come to an end, as Alaric I destroys the ancient sites in Greece

============================

396@ Asia:

Emperor An succeeds Emperor Xiaowu as ruler of the Chinese Jin Dynasty

=============================

396@Christian Hist :

Augustine is appointed bishop of Hippo in North Africa.

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[396] Births

Petronius Maximus (approximate date)

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[396] Deaths

Emperor Xiaowu of Jin Dynasty

Empress Duan Yuanfei

Princess Dowager Helan

Murong Chu

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 397 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 5:26 pm

سنة 397

=================================

4-4-397

Death of St. Ambrose, bishop of Milan

-----------------------------=
8-11-397

or: 11-11-397

Death of Martin of Tours, [St Martin], bishop of Tours
(MC, 11/11/01)

,
******************************

397@Asia

The Xiongnu occupy the Gansu area in China

============================

397@Christian Hist:

Council of Carthage: The biblical canon is definitely declared.

-----------------

397

The Candida Casa is founded by Saint Ninian, marking the beginning of missionary work among the Picts

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397

Saint Sulpicius Severus writes the earliest biography of Saint Martin of Tours, the first known "life of a saint" ever written.

=================================

Deaths in 397

Empress She

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 398 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 5:53 pm

سنة 398

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===================

سنة 398

398@ Western Roman Empire

An imperial edict obliges Roman landowners to yield 1/3 of their fields to the barbarians who have been settled in the Empire.

---------------------------

سنة 398

Honorius marries, in quick succession, Stilicho's daughters Maria and Thermantia.

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398

John Chrysostom becomes archbishop of Constantinople

==========================

398

Birth of Fan Ye (author of the Hou Hanshu)

==================

Deaths in 398

Pope Siricius-

Archbishop Nectarius of Constantinople -

Lan Han -

Murong Bao -

Murong Lin -

Murong Nong -

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موضوع: أحداث سنة 399 الخميس مارس 15, 2012 5:55 pm

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سنة 399

================================

399 - 420
@الإمبراطورية الساسانية الفارسية :
ملك الفرس = يزدگرد الأول
ويلقب بالخطاء
-----------------------------------------------------------

399
بداية اضطهاد المسيحيين في فارس بسبب علاقتهم مع الدولة البيزنطية. تستمر فترة الاضطهاد حوالي عشرة أعوام.

===========================
. في سنة 399

روي أن الملك الروماني أركاديوس استدعي مار مارونا ، وطلب منه السفر الى المدائن عاصمة دولة الفرس لمعالجة ملكها يزدجرد من مرضٍ استعصى علاجه على أطبّاء من حوله ، فطلب مار مارونا من الملك أركاديوس تزويده بكتاب توصيةٍ الى الملك الفارسي يزدجرد ، يطلب منه الرفق بنصارى مملكته وإبعاد الأذى عنهم، فأجابه الى طلبه

سافر مار ماروثا الى مقرّ الملك يزدجرد، وتفحص حالته فحصاً دقيقاً، وبمهارته الطبية وجد علاجاً ناجعاً لمرض يزدجرد

أدّى الى شفائه، فعَظُم قدر مار ماروثا لدى يزدجرد و أكرم وفادتَه وأزال الأذى عن النصارى.

( المصدر :

المؤرخ ابن العبري والتاريخ السعردي ، والخبر غريب لأن حسب وقائع التاريخ فإن يزدجرد لم يزيل الأذي عن النصاري )

=================

27-11-399

أناستاسي الأول تولي البابوية

succeeds Pope Siricius as the 39th pope.

======================

من سنة 399

إلي سنة 404

Pope Anastasius Iبابا الكنيسة الرومية = = أناستاسي الأول

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399@Western Roman Empire:

Flavius Mallius Theodorus becomes Roman consul.
Gladiatorial schools in Rome are closed by order of the Emperor Honorius

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399@ Eastern Roman Empire:

Forming an alliance with deserters of Tribigild along the Bosphorus, Gothic leader Gainas devastates the outlying areas near Constantinople

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399

موت بهرام الرابع ملك الفرس

ويزدجرد يصبح ملك الفرس الجديد

Bahram IV of Persia

Yazdegerd I .

---------------------------------------------

399

مات ننتوكيو امبراطور اليابان

Emperor Nintoku

--------------------------------------------

399

Fa-Hien, a Chinese Buddhist monk, travels to India.

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399
Pope Anastasius seeks to reconcile the churches of Rome and Antioch.

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399

Flavian I of Antioch is acknowledged as legitimate bishop of Antioch by the Church of Rome.

====================

399

Anastasius and other bishops condemn the doctrine of Origen.

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19-1-399

Birth of Pulcheria, Byzantine empress (d. 453)

============================

Deaths in 399

Eutropius (Byzantine official)

Yuan Shansong, Chinese poet

Tufa Wugu

**

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