المصادر:
1. ^ The Al Qaeda Clubhouse: Members lacking, By Ken Silverstein (Harper's Magazine). Harpers.org. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
2. ^ Bergen 2006, ص. 75.
3. ^ Johnston، Philip، "Anwar al Awlaki: the new Osama bin Laden?"، The Daily Telegraph، 2010-09-17.
4. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 270
5. ^ فؤاد حسين`الزرقاوي... "الجيل الثاني من القاعدة"، الجزء الرابع عشر، وصحيفة القدس العربي 13 يوليو 2005
6. ^ خالد الحمادي، "قصة من داخل القاعدة"` الجزء الرابع، جريدة القدس العربي، 22 مارس 2005
7. ^ تطور اسم القاعدة
8. ^ المنطق الأخلاقي وتطور الإرهاب الانتحاري
9. ^ Security Council Resolutions Related to the Work of the Committee Established Pursuant to Resolution 1267 (1999) Concerning Al-Qaida and the Taliban and Associated Individuals and Entities. United Nations Security Council. Retrieved 2007-01-09.
10. ^ NATO. Press Conference with NATO Secretary General, Lord Robertson. Retrieved 2006-10-23.
11. ^ NATO Library (2005). AL QAEDA. (PDF) Retrieved 2007-06-11.
12. ^ Commission of the European Communities (2004-10-20). COMMUNICATION FROM THE COMMISSION TO THE COUNCIL AND THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT. (DOC) Retrieved 2007-06-11.
13. ^ United States Department of State. Foreign Terrorist Organizations (FTOs). Retrieved 2006-07-03.
14. ^ Australian Government. Listing of Terrorist Organisations. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
15. ^ The Hindu : Centre bans Al-Qaeda
16. ^ Public Safety and Emergency Preparedness Canada. Entities list. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
17. ^ Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs (March 21, 2006). 21, 2006.htm Summary of indictments against Al-Qaeda terrorists in Samaria. Retrieved 2007-06-10.
18. ^ Diplomatic Bluebook (2002). B. TERRORIST ATTACKS IN THE UNITED STATES AND THE FIGHT AGAINST TERRORISM. (PDF) Retrieved 2007-06-11.
19. ^ Korean Foreign Ministry. "Seoul confirms release of two Korean hostages in Afghanistan"، August 14, 2007وصل لهذا المسار 2007-09-16.
20. ^ General Intelligence and Security Service. Annual Report 2004. (PDF) Retrieved 2007-06-11.
21. ^ United Kingdom Home Office. Proscribed terrorist groups. Retrieved 2006-07-03.
22. ^ "Russia Outlaws 17 Terror Groups; Hamas, Hezbollah Not Included".
23. ^ Ministry for Foreign Affairs Sweden (March – June 2006). Radical Islamist Movements in the Middle East. (PDF) Retrieved 2007-06-11.
24. ^ "Turkiye'de halen faaliyetlerine devam عدن başlıca terör örgütleri listesi" (Emniyet Genel Müdürlügü)
25. ^ Report on counter-terrorism submitted by Switzerland to the Security Council Committee established pursuant to resolution 1373 (2001). (PDF) (December 20, 2001). Retrieved 2007-06-11.
26. ^ Transcript of Bin Laden's October interview. CNN
(2002-02-05). Retrieved 2006-10-22.
27. ^ Bergen 2006, ص. 75. Wright indirectly quotes one of the documents, based on an exhibit from the "Tareek Osama" document presented in United States v. Enaam M. Arnaout.
28. ^ Wright 2006, pp. 133-134.
29. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 260.
30. ^ أ ب The Rebellion Within, An Al Qaeda mastermind questions terrorism. by Lawrence Wright. newyorker.com, June 2, 2008
31. ^ "After Mombassa", Al-Ahram Weekly Online, January 2-8 2003 (Issue No. 619). Retrieved September 3, 2006.
32. ^ Cooley، John K.، "Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism"، Demokratizatsiya، Spring 2003.
33. ^ "How the CIA created Osama bin Laden"، Green Left Weekly، 2001-09-19وصل لهذا المسار 2007-01-09.
34. ^ 1986-1992: CIA and British Recruit and Train Militants Worldwide to Help Fight Afghan War. Cooperative Research History Commons. Retrieved 2007-01-09.
35. ^ Maktab al-Khidamat. GlobalSecurity.org
(2006-01-11). Retrieved 2007-02-11.
36. ^ Wright 2006.
37. ^ Cloonan Frontline interview, PBS, July 13, 2005.
38. ^ أ ب Cooley، John K. (Spring 2003). Unholy Wars: Afghanistan, America and International Terrorism. (reprint) Demokratizatsiya.
39. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 103.
40. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 137.
41. ^ The War on Terror and the Politics of Violence in Pakistan. The Jamestown Foundation
(2004-07-02). Retrieved 2007-01-09.
42. ^ The Osama bin Laden I know. (2006-01-18). Retrieved 2007-01-09.
43. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 181.
44. ^ MIPT Terrorism Knowledge Base. Tkb.org. Retrieved 2010-03-22.
45. ^ Osama bin Laden: The Past. Retrieved 2007-01-12.
46. ^ Jehl، Douglas، "A Nation Challenged: Holy war lured Saudis as rulers looked away"، The New York Times، 2001-12-27، صفحات A1, B4وصل لهذا المسار 2009-09-05.
47. ^ أسامة بن لادن
48. ^ Reidel 2008, ص. 52.
49. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 186.
50. ^ Rashid 2002.
51. ^ Coll, Ghost Wars (New York: Penguin, 2005), 14.
52. ^ "Bin Laden's Fatwa"، القدس العربي، August 1996وصل لهذا المسار 2007-01-09.
53. ^ جريدة القدس العربي
54. ^ Nyquist، J.R. (August 13, 2005). Is Al Qaeda a Kremlin Proxy?. jrnyquist.com. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
55. ^ "Obituary: Alexander Litvinenko"، BBC News، November 24, 2006وصل لهذا المسار 2008-04-16.
56. ^ مسؤول أمريكي: الحمض النووي يؤكد مقتل بن لادن - سي إن إن
57. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 332.
58. ^ Qutb 2003, pp. 63, 69.
59. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 79.
60. ^ How Did Sayyid Qutb Influence Osama bin Laden?
61. ^ Mafouz Azzam; cited in Wright 2006, ص. 36.
62. ^ Sayyid Qutb's Milestones (footnote 24)
63. ^ Qutbism: An Ideology of Islamic-Fascism DALE C. EIKMEIER From Parameters, Spring 2007, pp. 85–98.
64. ^ A Traitor's Tale, Time (magazine), February 19, 2001
65. ^ Businesses are run from below, with the council only being consulted on new proposals and collecting funds. See for instance Hoffman 2002.
66. ^ Gerges, Fawaz A (2005-09-05). The Far Enemy: Why Jihad Went Global. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-79140-5.
67. ^ Jihad's New Leaders by Daveed Gartenstein-Ross and Kyle Dabruzzi, Middle East Quarterly, Summer 2007
68. ^ Today's jihadists: educated, wealthy and bent on killing?
69. ^ "Cops: London Attacks Were Homicide Blasts"، Fox Newsوصل لهذا المسار 2008-06-15.
70. ^ Bennetto، Jason; Ian Herbert، "London bombings: the truth emerges"، The Independent، 2005-08-13وصل لهذا المسار 2006-12-03.
71. ^ "WMD Terrorism and Usama bin Laden" by The Center for Nonproliferation Studies
72. ^ Relevant excerpt from the series, The Power of Nightmares
73. ^ Witness: Bin Laden planned attack on U.S. embassy in Saudi Arabia. CNN
(2001-02-13). Retrieved 2007-06-12.
74. ^ A Traitor's Tale By Johanna McGeary. Time
(2001-02-19). Retrieved 2007-06-12.
75. ^ The Power of Nightmares. BBC documentary by Adam Curtis.
76. ^ Wright 2006, ص. 174.
77. ^ أ ب Wright 2006, ص. 178; Reeve 1999.
78. ^ أ ب February 1993 Bombing of the World Trade Center in New York City. Center for Nonproliferation Studies
(2001-11-12). Retrieved 2007-01-09.
79. ^ Text of Fatwah Urging Jihad Against Americans. (February 23, 1998). وُصِل لهذا المسار في 5 يوليو 2006.
80. ^ Bin Laden says he wasn't behind attacks. CNN
(September 17, 2001). Retrieved 2006-07-06.
81. ^ أ ب Esposito 2002, ص. 22.
82. ^ Hamid Miir 'Osama claims he has nukes: If U.S. uses N-arms it will get the same response' "Dawn: the Internet Edition" November 10, 2001
83. ^ Tremlett، Giles، "Al-Qaida leaders say nuclear power stations were original targets"، The Guardian، 2002-09-09وصل لهذا المسار 2007-01-11.
84. ^ "Al Qaeda Scaled Back 10-Plane Plot"، Washington Post، 2004-06-17وصل لهذا المسار 2007-01-11.
85. ^ U.S. Jets Pound Targets Around Kabul. The Portsmouth Herald. (October 15, 2001). Retrieved 2006-07-06.
86. ^ Blair to Taliban: Surrender bin Laden or surrender power
87. ^ U.S. RELEASES VIDEOTAPE OF OSAMA BIN LADEN. (December 13, 2001). Retrieved 2006-07-04.
88. ^ National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States. (September 20, 2004). Retrieved 2006-04-27.
89. ^ Full transcript of bin Ladin's speech. Al Jazeera
(November 1, 2004). Retrieved 2006-07-12.
90. ^ Shane، Scott، "Inside the interrogation of a 9/11 mastermind"، The New York Times، 2008-06-22، صفحات A1, A12–A13وصل لهذا المسار 2009-09-05.
91. ^ Trofimov، Yaroslav، "Islamic rebels gain strength in the Sahara"، The Wall Street Journal، 2009-08-15، صفحة A9وصل لهذا المسار 2009-09-15.
92. ^ Trofimov، Yaroslav، "Islamic rebels gain strength in the Sahara"، The Wall Street Journal Europe، 2009-08-17، صفحة 12.
93. ^ Trofimov، Yaroslav، "Islamic rebels gain in the Sahara"، The Wall Street Journal Asia، 2009-08-18، صفحة 12.
94. ^ Washington Post - Al-Qaeda's Hand In Istanbul Plot
95. ^ Msn News - Bin Laden allegedly planned attack in Turkey - Stymied by tight security at U.S. bases, militants switched targets
96. ^ Weir, Shelagh. "A Clash of Fundamentalisms: Wahhabism in Yemen" (204). Middle East Research and Information Project. Retrieved on 2009-01-19. ; cited in Burke, Jason (2003). Al-Qaeda: Casting a Shadow of Terror. New York: I.B. Tauris. pp. 128–129. ISBN 1850433968.
97. ^ Riedel 2008, ص. 100.
98. ^ Timothy Thomas, "Al Qaeda and the Internet: The Danger of Cyberplanning" Retrieved February 14, 2007.
99. ^ Scheuer, Michael (January 2008). Bin Laden Identifies Saudi Arabia as the Enemy of Mujahideen Unity. Terrorism Focus. Jamestown Foundation.
100. ^ Whitlock, Craig (2005-08-08). Briton Used Internet As His Bully Pulpit. (http) WashingtonPost.com. Retrieved May 29 2006.
101. ^ Babar Ahmad Indicted on Terrorism Charges. United States Attorney's Office District of Connecticut. (2004-10-06). Retrieved May 29 2006.
102. ^ Cook, Robin. The struggle against terrorism cannot be won by military means. Guardian Unlimited. Retrieved 2005-07-08.
103. ^ Coll 2005, pp. 145-146, 155-156.
104. ^ Bergen, Peter. Bergen: Bin Laden, CIA links hogwash. CNN. Retrieved 2006-08-15.
105. ^ Bergen 2001, pp. 72-73.
106. ^ Coll 2005.
107. ^ أ ب Bergen، Peter، "The Unraveling: The jihadist revolt against bin Laden"، The New Republicوصل لهذا المسار 2009-05-12.
108. ^ Libya releases scores of prisoners APRIL 09, 2008
109. ^ strata-sphere.com al-Qaeda Losing Support On Muslim Street, Terrorist Attacks Down 40% Since 2001
110. ^ December 18, 2007 Poll: Most Saudis oppose al Qaeda
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المراجع
Atwan, Abdel Bari (2006). The Secret History of al Qaeda. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520249745.
Benjamin, Daniel; Simon, Steven (2002). The Age of Sacred Terror (1st ed.). Random House. ISBN 0375508597.
Bergen, Peter (2001). Holy War, Inc.: Inside the Secret World of Osama bin Laden (1st ed.). Free Press. ISBN 0743234952.
Bergen, Peter (2006). The Osama bin Laden I Know: An Oral History of al Qaeda's Leader (reprint ed.). Free Press. ISBN 0743278925.
Bin Laden, Osama (2005). Lawrence, Bruce. ed. Messages to the World. Verso. ISBN 1844670457.
Coll, Steve (2005). Ghost Wars: The Secret History of the CIA, Afghanistan, and Bin Laden, from the Soviet Invasion to September 10, 2001 (2nd ed.). Penguin Books. ISBN 0143034669.
Esposito, John L. (2002). Unholy War: Terror in the Name of Islam. USA: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0195154355.
Gunaratna, Rohan (2002). Inside Al Qaeda (1st ed.). London, UK: C. Hurst & Co.. ISBN 1850656711.
Hoffman, Bruce (2002). "The Emergence of the New Terrorism". In Tan, Andrew T. H.; Ramakrishna, Kumar. The New Terrorism: Anatomy, Trends, and Counter-Strategies. Singapore: Eastern Universities Press. pp. 30-49. ISBN 9812102108.
Qutb, Sayyid (2003). Ma'alim fi al-Tariq. Chicago, IL: Kazi Publications. ISBN 0911119426.
Rashid, Ahmed (2002). Taliban: Militant Islam, Oil and Fundamentalism in Central Asia. Yale University Press. ISBN 1860648304.
Reeve, Simon (1999). The New Jackals: Ramzi Yousef, Osama Bin Laden and the Future of Terrorism. Boston, MA: Northeastern University Press. ISBN 1555534074.
Wright, Lawrence (2006). The Looming Tower: Al-Qaeda and the Road to 9/11. New York: Knopf. ISBN 037541486X.