أحداث السنوات من سنة 180 م إلي سنة 189 م

أحداث السنوات من سنة 180 م إلي سنة 189 م

المصادر:

موسوعة لآلئ

موسوعة ويكيبيديا

مصادر أخري

سنة 180

سنة 180

مفاوضات و معاهدة حلف بين الملك (علهان نهفان) وابنه من جهة وبين (جدرت ) ملك أكسوم والحبشة من جهة أخري

المصدر: المستشرق (فون وزمن)
هدف الملك ( علهان نهفان ) من التفاوض مع جدرت لعقد صلح := تحالف الطرفين لضمان مساعدة الحبش له في حربه مع منافسيه وخصومه.



ملك الحبشة جدرت جاء اسمه في النصوص على هذه الصورة: (جدر نجش اكسم ) . ومعناها :جدر نجاشي أكسوم
وورد على هذه الصورة: (جدرت ملك حبشت واكسمن) في النص الذي وسم ب Jamme.ومعناها :جدرة ملك الحبشة وأكسوم.
و كان يحتل جزءاً من العربية الجنوبية في ذلك الوقت بدليل العثور علي نص تاريخي عنه فيه جملة ( واقول وقدمن واشعب ملك حبشت،أي واقيال وسادات وقبائل ملك الحبشة)


وقد نجح علهان في عقد تحالف ً مع الحبش، وفيما يبدو فإن تاريخ عقد هذا الحلف كان بعد انتهائه من الحرب التي أعلنها على حمير.
في تلك الحرب تحالف الحبش مع أهل حضرموت للقضاء علي حمير .
ولما عقد علهان معاهدة الحلف مع الحبش، كان ابنه شعر أوتر قد اشترك معه في الحكم .
تعقيب : لم يدوم الحلف الذي عقد بين علهان وابنه شعر أوتر من جهة والحبش من جهة أخرى، إذ سرعان ما نقض ووقعت الحرب بين ( شعر أوتر بن علهان ) وبين (ملك الحبش) . إلا أنه لم يتمكن من القضاء علي الحبش ، ولم يستطع اخراجهم من اليمن، بل بقوا في المناطق الخاضعة لهم بالجزء الغربي من اليمن.
ملحوظة : خالف بعض الباحثين في زمان حكم هذا النجاشي (جدرت ) وقدره بحوالي السنة 250
(المصدر : جواد علي ، المفصل في تاريخ العرب قبل الاسلام )


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180

بداية انحدار الامبراطورية الرومانية

Beginning of the decline of the Roman Empire
--------------------------------------------


17-3-180
Antonius Marcus Aurelius, [Marcus Verus], Emperor of Rome, died

وهو من مواليد 121م ومات عن 58 عاماً وبضعة أشهر

— Marcus Aurelius

— ----------------------------------------------
17-3-180
Christenen Cittinus Donatus Natzalus Secunda Speratus Vestia was sentenced to death in Carthage

— ---------------------------------------------

— 17-7-180

— — Twelve inhabitants of Scillium in Numidia are executed in Carthage (also in North Africa) for being Christians (known as the Scillitan Martyrs) — they had refused to swear an oath to the Emperor
(MC 7/17/02)
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c180

أول كتيب إرشادي للسياح
Pausanius, traveler and geographer, wrote a description of Greece which we have and it is, so to speak, the first guide book known.
(WUD, 1994 p.1058)(AM, Mar/Apr 97 p.58)(SSFC, 12/1/02, p.C3)
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180
A Roman military transport ship was built about this time, as Marcus Aurelius passed the throne to the emperor Commodus. It later sank in the Rhine. In 2003 archeologists in the Netherlands unveiled the preserved ship
(AP, 5/15/03)
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180

وباء الجدري يضرب روما ، ومصرع عدد يتراوح في التقدير مابين 3.5 مليون نسمة إلي 7 ملايين نسمة
كان من ضحايا الوباء الامبراطور ماركوس أوريليوس.
أطلق علي الوباء اسم (طاعون أنتونين )
A smallpox epidemic hit Rome and killed 3.5 to 7 million people including Emperor Marcus Aurelius. It was dubbed the Plague of Antonine.
(NW, 10/14/02, p.46)

==================================

180


Roman Empire : The praetorian prefect Tarutenius Paternus achieved a decisive victory against the Quadi


180

· Commodus succeeds his father Marcus Aurelius as Roman Emperor. The Era of the Five Good Emperors ends




180


Rome creates a 4 mile wide buffer zone by the Danube

180

· Work begins in Rome on the building of a column to commemorate wars conducted by Marcus Aurelius on the Danubian border

· 180–395 — Late Empire in Rome

· --------------------------------------

· 180

· Porta Nigra is built in Germanian Trier

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180

Europe : The Goths reach the banks of the Black Sea


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180


China : This year is often suggested as the first year of the Three Kingdoms period of China


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180


New Zealand :Lake Taupo erupts, forming ash clouds as far as China and Europe


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180


Arts and Sciences : In his Methodus Medendo, Greek physician Galen describes the connection between paralysis and the severing of the spinal cord




· Galen's popular work on hygiene is published..

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180

Commodus creates an official cult of ( Mithra ) which is worshipped by Zoroastrian

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180


Birth of Sima Fu, younger brother of Sima Yi (d. 272)


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Deaths in 180




· Aulus Gellius, Latin author and grammarian (approximate date(

· Gaius, Roman jurist )approximate date(

· Lucian (approximate date)

· Maximilla, Montanist heresiarchess

· Melito of Sardis, bishop of Sardis

· St. Miggin (martyred in Numidia)

· St. Namphamo and consorts (martyred)

· St. Symphorian) martyred(



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بعض المرادفات:

الحبش = الأحباش = الأثيوبيون

حبشت = الحبشة

= طاعون أنتونين Plague of Antonine.


================

سنة 181

Roman Empire


· The Antonine Wall is overrun



· Roman cavalry general Lucius Artorius Castus possible source for the Arthurian legends) is assigned to Britannia.



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181



New Zealand


· The volcano associated with Lake Taupo in New Zealand erupts, one of the largest on Earth in the last 5,000 years. The effects of this eruption are seen as far away as Rome and China

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181 in China:



Births in 181

· Chen Shi general of Shu



· Emperor Xian of Han China d. 234)



· Zhuge Liang, celebrated advisor of Liu Bei

Deaths in 181


· Tan Shi Huai, leader of the Xianbei tribes (see Wu Hu)





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سنة 182

c182-c251
Origen of Caesarea, a church father, urged Christians not to celebrate birthdays because they were a pagan custom.
(WSJ, 12/18/98, p.W15)
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182

Roman Empire : Commodus exiles his sister Lucilla to Capreae

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Births in 183


Origen, Christian theologian (approximate date) ·

Sun Quan, founder of the Wu Kingdom in China (d. 252)ـ ·

Zhu Ran, general of Wu (d. 248) ـ·

Fu Shiren, general under Liu Bei ·

Empress Wenzhao, wife of Cao Pi (d. 221)ـ ·



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سنة 183

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183


in Roman Empire: An assassination attempt on Roman Emperor Commodus by members of the Senate fails


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China Births in 183


· Lu Xun, a general of the Kingdom of Wu (died in 245)

· Sun Yi , third son of Sun Jian (d. 204)

· Zhen Luo, wife of Cao Pi, the first emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 221

===============

183

Death of Theophilus, Patriarch of Antioch



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سنة 184

==============================



184
Lucius Artorius Castus, commander of a detachment of Sarmatian conscripts stationed in Britain, led his troops to Gaul to quell a rebellion. This is the first appearance of the name, Artorius, in history and some believe that this Roman military man is the original, or basis, for the Arthurian legend. The theory says that Castus' exploits in Gaul, at the head of a contingent of mounted troops, are the basis for later, similar traditions about "King Arthur," and, further, that the name "Artorius" became a title, or honorific, which was ascribed to a famous warrior in the fifth century

Source:
(http://www.britannia.com/history/romantime.html)
=========================

184

Roman Empire: The Antonine Wall is permanently abandoned.


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Asia in year 184


· The Yellow Turban Rebellion breaks out in China.



· Last (6th) year of Guanghe era and start of Zhongping era of the Chinese Han Dynasty



· The Emperor Gogukcheon of Goguryeo repels Han Dynasty China's invasion force, sent by the governor of Liaodong



· Beolhyu of Silla ascends the throne




ِAsia ِِِDeaths :


· Adalla of Silla

· Bo Cai

· Han Zhong

· Ma Yuanyi beheaded by He Jin

· Zhang Bao, younger brother of Zhang Jiao

· Zhang Jiao

· Zhang Liang, younger brother of Zhang Jiao

· Zhang Mancheng

· Zhao Hong



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سنة 185

========


7-12-185
Emperor Lo-Yang of China saw a supernova (MSH15-52?).
(MC, 12/7/01)



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185


Roman Empire: Pertinax quells the mutiny of the British Roman legions




185

Roman Empire: Perennis, his family and many others are executed for conspiring against Commodus



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185 Asia


· Reign in India of Vasudeva, Kushan emperor



· Zhi Yao, a Kushan Buddhist monk of Yuezhi ethnicity, translates Buddhist texts into the Chinese language during the Han Dynasty.

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185


Arts and sciences


· Cleomedes discovers the refraction of light by the Earth's atmosphere



· Chinese astronomers note in the Astrological Annals of the Houhanshu sight supernova now identified as RCW 86, the earliest identified supernova

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185(appr.date)

إيرينايوس يتحدث عن وجود أربعة أناجيل!

Christian Religion: Irenaeus writes that there are only four Gospels


=========================


185


Births


· Cao Zhen d. 231)

· Liao Hua, approximate date (d. 264)

· Origen, Christian apologist (approximate date)

· Wang Xiang d. 269)

· Xiahou Shang, approximate date (d. 225)

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185


Death of S. Datus, bishop of Ravenna


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سنة 186

===========================

186

Roman Empire : · Peasants in Gaul stage an anti-tax uprising under Maternus

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4-4-186

تاريخ مولد الامبراطور الروماني كاراكالا

وقد مات سنة 217

كاراكالا = Caracalla

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186

New Zealand : The Hatepe volcanic eruption extends Lake Taupo and makes skies red across the world


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186


China Births in year 186




· Liu Ba d. 222)

· Ma Liang d. 222)

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186


Death of ٍSt. Apollonius Christian martyr


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سنة 187

===========================



Roman Empire


· Septimus Severus, born Leptis Magna), is named legate of Lyonnaise Gaul



· Another plague hits Rome.



· Albinus defeats the Chatti, a highly organized German tribe that controlled the area that includes the Black Forest

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187


in China: Rebellion of Zhang Chun and Zhang Ju. First case of Wuhuan soldiers within the Chinese army joining a rebellion.


=======================


187


Olympians succeeds Pertinax as Patriarch of Constantinople


=================================





Asian Births in 187


· Cao Pi, first emperor of the Kingdom of Wei (d. 226)

· Guo Huai (d. 255)

· Wu Can, general of Wu (d. 248)

· Zong Yu, general of Shu and good friend of Zhang Fei


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سنة 188

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4-4-188
Caracalla, [Marcus Aurelius Antonius], well-bathed Roman emperor (211-217), was born

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188

Roman Empire : Pertinax becomes consul of Africa


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188


in Japan:


· Himiko aka, Pimiko) is said to have begun her reign in Japan

=======================================

188



· Zhang Ju and Zhang Chun are defeated by Han forces under Liu Yu

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188

Birth of Sun Shao, general of Wu (d. 242


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سنة 189

===========================




189 - 199
بابا الكنيسة الرومية رقم 13 = فيكتور
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189


in China:


· The Prince of Hongnong succeeds Han Lingdi as Chinese emperor of the Han Dynasty



Dong Zhuo has the Prince of Hongnong poisoned and installs Han Xiandi as emperor



One general slaughters 2,000 eunuchs in the palace and takes the Han emperor captive.

========================


189


Arts and Science


· Galen publishes his "Treatise on the various temperaments" (aka On the Elements According to Hippocrates).

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189

Christianity :


· Pope Victor I succeeds Pope Eleuterus as the fourteenth pope, the first from Africa



· Demetrius of Alexandria becomes Patriarch of Alexandria



· Pantaenus, who was sent by the bishop of Alexandria to India to preach Christianity, meets with little success

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Births in 189 :


· March 7 — Geta, younger son of the future Roman Emperor Septimius Severus

· Ling Tong — general of the Chinese Kingdom of Wu (d. 237)

· Cao Zhang — Chinese general, son of Cao Cao (d. 223)

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Deaths in 189


· Bao Zhong, slain by Hua Xiong

· Ding Yuan, general of Han Dynasty, killed by his foster son, Lü Bu

· Empress Dowager Dong

· Pope Eleuterus

· He Jin, Han Grand General (assassinated)

· Empress He, Emperor Ling's second wife

· Jian Shuo

· Han Lingdi and the Prince of Hongnong, Chinese emperors of Han Dynasty (b. 156)

· Zhang Chun and Zhang Ju, Chinese rebels

· Zhang Rang, one of the Ten Attendants

· Zhao Zhong

======================

Fictional Ref. :The Battle of Sishui Pass, between the Imperial forces of Dong Zhuo and the coalition forces commanded by Yuan Shao, takes place in the novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms.


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