A Summary for the period 4000BC TO 3000BC

3800BC  
 The Supe people, a maritime farming community,was established about this time along the coast of Peru
   (SFC, 1/20/09, p.A13)
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3800BC-3200BC  
 In Ireland at Poulnabrone Dolmen in County Clare, one of some 120 wedge tombs, bodies were interred over a 600 year period that ended about 3200BC
   (SFEC, 11/12/00, p.T8)
------------------------------
3600BC-1000BC
   The Mesopotamian settlement of Nagar
(in northeastern Syria) grew to become one of the first large cities of
the Middle East. It began before 6,000BC and continued to about 1000BC
   (MT, summer 2003, p.11)
------------------------
c3761BC  
 The first year of the Jewish calendar that begins with Rosh Hashana.

[the year 5758 in Jewish calendar =1997 in Gregorian calendar]

   (SFC, 10/1/97, p.A16)(WUD, 1994, p.767)
--------------------------------
3652BC  
 Archeologists found ears of popcorn 5,600 years old in the Bat Cave in New Mexico in 1948
   (HFA, '96, p.66)
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3600BC
  In 2005 a team working for five years in the
area of Kom El-Ahmar, Egypt, known in antiquity as Hierakonpolis,
excavated a complex thought to belong to a ruler of the ancient city
who reigned around this time. Archaeologists unearthed seven corpses
believed to date to the era, as well as an intact figure of a cow's
head carved from flint

   (AP, 4/22/05)
-------------------------------
3600BC  
 In Washington state the Osceola mudflow from Mount Ranier covered an area from Rainier to Puget Sound
   (SFEC, 7/12/98, p.A22)
---------------------------
3600BC
  The Supe people, a maritime farming community along the coast of Peru, disappeared about this time

In 2009 Researchers found their disappearance coincided with earthquakes and
landslides followed by massive flooding
   (SFC, 1/20/09, p.A13)
---------------------------------
3600BC-3500BC  
An Egyptian cemetery of working class inhabitants at Hierankopolis of this time showed evidence ofmummification
   (AM, 9/01, p.13)
-----------------------------------
3600BC-3000BC  
 On Malta the Gantija phase saw the construction of the first megalithic temples
   (AM, Jul/Aug '97 p.43)
-----------------------------------
3600BC-1700BC  
 Neolithic jade pieces represent some of the oldest of Chinese art
   (WSJ, 2/19/98, p.A20)
---------------------------------
3500BC  
 Sumerians and Babylonians use a sexigesimal (base 60) number system according to historian Eric Temple Bell
   (V.D.-H.K.p.27)
-----------------------------
3500BC  
 A linen shroud dating to this time was later put on display at the Egyptian museum in Turin, Italy
   (SSFC, 1/22/06, p.E6)
------------------------------------
3500BC-3100BC  
 In Egypt the "Knife of Gebel-el-Arak" was made with an ivory handle carved with hunting and battle scenes. It is now in the French Louvre
   (WSJ, 1/29/98, p.A16)
----------------------------------------
3500BC-3000BC
   In 2008 a team of German and Peruvian archaeologists reported the discovery of a ceremonial plaza near Peru's north-central coast dating to this period
   (AP, 2/27/08)
---------------------------------------
3500BC-2400BC  
 The Tower of Babel was built during this period by people of one language who inhabited the land of Shinar in the kingdom of Nimrod
   (Econ, 4/26/08, p.108)
-------------------------------------------
3450BC  
 The first cities appeared along the banks of the Tigris and Euphrates just north of what is now the Persian Gulf

The cities made up the Uruk culture named after the principal city of
Uruk, which corresponds to the Biblical Erech. The culture invented
writing, the lunar calendar, used metal and built monumental
architecture. The cities remained independent for almost a thousand
years.
   (eawc, p.1)
---------------------------------------------
3309BC    Mar 10
A primordial Maya god, named GI by scholars, began his mythical reign
   (AM, Jul-Aug/99, p.16)
----------------------------
3300BC
The beginning date of the Mayan calendar
   (L.C.-W.P.p.2-3)
-------------------------
3300BC  
Around this time the inhabitants of Sumer in
present day Iraq adopted the practice of storing tokens in sealed clay
jars. The tokens represented the counts of foodstuffs, livestock , and
land. The stored tokens provided a more permanent record but required
that jars be broken in order to examine the record. Then someone hit on
the idea of making marks in the soft clay covers of the jars to
represent the tokens inside. Archeological evidence shows that the
marked jars led almost immediately to a system of marks on clay tablets
   (I&I, Penzias, p.42)
-------------------------------
3300BC  

 Archaic cylinder seals [of Sumeria] of this
time were later collected by financier Pierpont Morgan.
   (SFC, 2/15/97, p.D1)
-----------------------------
3300BC  

 In 1991 German hikers Erica and Helmut
Simon found a well-preserved prehistoric corpse, dated to about this
time. He was later named Oetzi (Frozen Fritz). He was found on Sep 19,
1991, in a glacier on the Hauslabjoch Pass, about 100 yards from
Austria in northern Italy. It was kept at the Univ. of Innsbruck for
study. In 1998 analysis indicated that the Ice Man had internal
parasites and carried the woody fruit of a tree fungus as a remedy.
Tattoos on the body were also found to be placed over areas of active
arthritis. A flint arrow was also found in his back. In 2007 forensic
researchers said he died either from hitting his head on a rock when he
passed out or because his attacker hit him in the head.
   (SFC, 12/25/98, p.A4)(SFEC, 5/7/00, p.T4)(WSJ,
2/3/04, p.A1)(AP, 8/29/07)
-----------------------------
3300BC-3200BC
In 1998 clay tablets were reported from this date
from the tomb of an Egyptian king named Scorpion. The tablets had
writing that recorded linen and oil deliveries as a tithe to the king.
The tomb was in a cemetery at Gebel Tjauti in Suhag province, some 250
miles south of Cairo. Egyptologists John Coleman Darnell and wife
Deborah discovered the tableau in 1995.
   (SFC, 12/15/98, p.C5)(SFC, 4/16/02, p.A4)
-----------------------------
3300BC-1000BC  
The earliest known civilizations
occupied the Aegean world. The Minoan and Mycenaean civilizations rose
and fell over this period.
   (eawc, p.1)
----------------------------
3250BC
   King Scorpion ruled Upper (southern) Egypt

Evidence of wine was found in his tomb and scientists believed it was
produced in Jordan and transported by donkey and boat to Egypt
   (AM, 5/01, p.54)(SFC, 10/27/05, p.A2)
-----------------------------
3200BC  
 Semitic people come to the area around Byblos,Lebanon. It was then called Gebal and the people Giblites, who with flat axes cut timber from the mountains.
   (NG, Aug., 1974, p.174)
-----------------------------
c3200BC
  A white limestone vase was made depicting
Sumerians offering gifts to the goddess Innin along with scenes of
daily life in Uruk. It survived for thousands of years and came to be
called the Sacred Vase of Warka.
   (SFC, 6/13/03, p.A12)(WSJ, 9/18/03, p.D6)
-----------------------------
3200BC
  Archeological evidence indicates that the Sumerians used wheeled transportation
   (eawc, p.1)
-----------------------------
3200BC    
The Sumerians developed pictographic writing about this time
   (SFEC, 11/14/99, p.A6)
-----------------------------
3200BC  
The National Museum of the American Indian in New York City has Valdivian female figurines from Ecuador that date back to 3200BC
   (SFC, 12/4/94, p.T-3)
-----------------------------
3200BC-2500BCE  
 Henges, enormous ditches enclosing circular constructs dating to this period, were enigmatic features of Neolithic and Bronze age Britain. In 2008 researchers dating cremated bones concluded that Stonehenge was initially established as a “domain of ancestors,” and that burials were a major  component in all its stages

   (SFC,11/11/97, p.A12)(SFC, 5/30/08, p.A6)
------------------------------
3200BC-2200BC  
 The Orkney Island village of Skara Brae
was inhabited during this period. A huge storm in 1850 revealed its
ruins. Inhabitants were settled farmers who ate sheep, cattle, grain
and fish

   (www.orkneyjar.com/history/skarabrae/)(SFEC,
3/23/97,  p.T3)
-----------------------------
3200BC-2000BC
The Cycladic culture, a network of small, sometimes
fortified farming and fishing settlements that traded with mainland
Greece, Crete and Asia Minor, flourished during this period. It is best
known for the elegant figurines: mostly naked, elongated figures with
arms folded under their chests. It was eclipsed by Crete and Mycenaean
Greece.
   (AP, 12/31/06)
-----------------------------
3200BC-1600BC  
 The Indus Valley civilization grew up
along the banks of the Indus River in what is now Pakistan. The cities
of Harappa and Mohenjo-Dara showed the development of multi-level
houses and city-wide plumbing. A natural disaster that altered the
course of the Indus River appears to have brought about the collapse of this civilization.
   (eawc, p.1)
-----------------------------
3100BC  
 Menes, the legendary first pharaoh of Egypt,
ruled upper Egypt from Nekhen before he conquered lower Egypt and moved
his capital to Memphis
   (NG, May 1985, p.586)
-----------------------------
c3100BC  
The upper and lower kingdoms were united to
form the 1st Dynasty of Egypt. The fertile Nile Valley and prevailing
environmental conditions led to the formation of villages along the
river—Upper Egypt in the south and Lower Egypt in the north. These
villages grew into 'kingdoms' centered around Naqadah (later
Hierakonopolis) in the south and Behdet (later Buto) in the delta.
According to tradition, the upper and lower kingdoms were united into
one centralized government by King Menes around 3100BC. However, modern
scholars are unsure whether King Menes was actually several kings,
including Narmer and Aha. Menes' reign lasted a substantial 62 years
before being killed by a hippopotamus (again according to
tradition).  The 1st dynasty lasted until about 2890BC
   (HNQ, 11/2/00)
-----------------------------
c 3100BC  
 In the protodynastic period of Egypt
"Scorpion" ruled  and was followed by Narmer. In 2002 Jan Assmann
authored "The Mind of Egypt: History and Meaning in the Time of the
Pharaohs
   (R4,1998)(SSFC, 4/28/02, p.M4)
-------------------------------------
3100BC  
 Cuneiform writing emerged in Mesopotamia. The
wedge-shaped characters were used to record the first epics in world
history, including "Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta," and the first
stories about "Gilgamesh."
   (eawc, p.1)
--------------------------------
3100BC  
Writing was related to Sumerian language
   (V.D.-H.K.p.10)
---------------------------------
3100BC  
 The first known incarnation of Stonehenge, the
ancient stone monument in the south of England, is thought to have been
built by native Neolithic peoples around this time. Archaeological
interpretation of the site is primarily based on a series of modern
excavations carried out since 1919. The studies have concluded that
there were three different building periods representing markedly
different materials and methods. Stonehenge I was primarily an earthen
structure built by native Neolithic peoples using deer antlers as
picks. Two entry stones were also placed to the northeast of the
circle, one of which (the "Slaughter Stone") survives in the latest
monument
   (HNQ, 3/3/01)
-------------------------------
3100BC-2770BC  
The Archaic Period of Egypt.   Narmer united Egypt and hieroglyphic writing developed
   (eawc, p.1)
------------------------------------------
3100BC-2700BC  
 In Egypt the limestone "Stele of the Serpent King" has a bas-relief of a falcon in profile above a nearly abstract curving stroke of a snake. It is now in the French Louvre

   (WSJ, 1/29/98, p.A16)
-----------------------------------
c3050BC-2890BC  
In Egypt Hor-Aha ruled and was followed by Djer, Djet, Den, Anedjib, Semerkhet, and Qa'a. These rulers comprised the 1st dynasty

   (www.crystalinks.com/egyptdynasties.html)