| History of Scotland | |
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 8:45 am | |
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 8:46 am | |
| 55 BC Julius Caesar lands in Britain -------------------- 0 The birth of Jesus Christ -------------------- 80 AD The Roman, Julius Agricola, invades "Albion" or "Caledonia" which are the ancient names for Scotland -------------------- 84 Celtic tribes of Scottish Caledonia unite under Calgacus. The Romans defeated those Caledonians at the Battle of Mons Graupius
-------------------- 121 - 129 Romans construct the Hadrian's Wall This Wall was built by the Romans under the instruction of the Emperor Hadrian
-------------------- 143 Romans construct the Antonine Wall --------------------
163 Romans withdraw south to Trimontium and Hadrian's Wall -------------------- 300 The term Pict is first recorded in describing the federated tribes invaded by Constantius Chlorus -------------------- 397 St Ninian establishes a Christian mission at Whithorn and thus he brings Christianity to Scotland -------------------- 470 Votadini peoples form the kingdom of Gododdin in the region north of the River Tweed -------------------- 476 The Roman Empire collapses and the Romans leave Britain -------------------- 547 Angles capture the Northumbrian fortress at Bamburgh and found the kingdom of Bernicia -------------------- 563 Saint Columba founds a monastery at Iona and begins his mission to the northern Picts -------------------- 574 Áedán mac Gabráin begins reign over the Gaelic kingdom of Dál Riata -------------------- 575 Western Scotland is granted independence from the Irish Dalriada, after a convention at Drum Ceatt near Derry -------------------- 580 Riderch I of Alt Clut rules region later known as the kingdom of Strathclyde -------------------- 584 Bruide son of Maelchon dies -------------------- 604 Æthelfrith unites Bernicia and Deira to form the kingdom of Northumbria --------------------
عدل سابقا من قبل العلاء في الأحد سبتمبر 03, 2017 2:27 pm عدل 1 مرات |
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 8:48 am | |
| 638 Northumbrians capture Edinburgh from Gododdin -------------------- 680 Trumwine Bishop of Abercorn -------------------- 681 Bruide mac Bili, King of Fortriu, campaigns against Orkney -------------------- 685 Pictish King Bruide mac Bili defeats Ecgfrith of Northumbria at the Battle of Dun Nechtain, halting the northern expansion of Northumbria -------------------- 693 Bruide mac Bili dies -------------------- 697 Bruide mac Der-Ilei among the signatories of the Cáin Adomnáin -------------------- 717 Nechtan mac Der-Ilei expels Ionan clergy from Pictland and adopts Roman usages with the aid of Bishop Curetán; masons sent by Abbot Ceolfrid of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Priory help build stone churches at Restenneth, Rosemarkie and elsewhere in eastern Scotland -------------------- 724 Drust and Nechtan mac Der-Ilei fight civil war (to 729) -------------------- 732 Death of Nechtan mac Der-Ilei; Óengus mac Fergusa becomes King of the Picts -------------------- 735 Óengus mac Fergusa, King of the Picts, campaigns against Dál Riata, and seizes and burns the royal centre of Dunadd -------------------- 736 Battle of Cnoc Coirpi between Fortriu and Dál Riata -------------------- 741 Battle of Druimm Cathmail between Fortriu and Dál Riata; the "smiting of Dál Riata", in which Dál Riata is subdued by Óengus mac Fergusa -------------------- 747 St Andrews founded by this time, death of Abbot Túathalán -------------------- 750 Picts defeated by Britons at the Battle of Catohic --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 8:50 am | |
| 756 Óengus mac Fergusa allied with the English of Northumbria attacks the Britons the English army is destroyed -------------------- 761 Death of Óengus mac Fergusa -------------------- 763 Battle takes place in Fortriu between Ciniod and Áed Find The Battle result is not known to us -------------------- 778 Death of Áed Find, King of Dál Riata -------------------- 794 Annals of Ulster report the "wasting of all the islands of Britain by gentiles "
Alternatives: gentiles = Vikings -------------------- 802 Iona burned by Vikings -------------------- 806 The monasteries under Iona are attacked by Vikings, killing 68 monks -------------------- 820 Death of Caustantín mac Fergusa -------------------- 829 Abbot Diarmait, abbot of Iona, goes to Alba with relics of St Columba -------------------- 831 Diarmait of Iona goes to Ireland with relics of St Columba -------------------- 839 Eóganan mac Óengusa and his brother Bran killed in battle with Vikings, end of dominance of Fortriu -------------------- 843 Death of Kenneth mac Alpin, King of the Picts; "union of Picts and Scots" traditionally dated from his reign -------------------- 870 Alt Clut—Dumbarton Rock— captured by the Norse-Gael or Viking leaders Amlaíb Conung and Ímar after six month's of siege -------------------- 878 Kenneth mac Alpin's son Áed killed; Giric becomes king -------------------- 889 Death of Giric; Domnall mac Causantín, grandson of Kenneth, becomes king --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 8:57 am | |
| 890 Exodus of the Strathclyde Britons to Gwynedd (in Wales) --------------------
900 Causantín mac Áeda succeeds Domnall mac Causantín -------------------- 937 Battle of Brunanburh English victory in 937 by the army of Æthelstan, King of England, and his brother Edmund over the combined armies of Olaf III Guthfrithson, the Norse-Gael King of Dublin, Constantine II, King of Scots, and Owen I, King of Strathclyde -------------------- 940 Saint Catroe of Metz leaves Scotland -------------------- 943 Causantín mac Áeda abdicates to become a culdee at St Andrews -------------------- 952 Death of Causantín mac Áeda -------------------- 954 Indulf captures Edinburgh from Northumbria -------------------- 1005 King Malcolm II rules Scotland and defeats the Vikings at the battle of Mortlach -------------------- 1034 - 1040 King Duncan I = the Scottish King -------------------- 1040 Macbeth kills Duncan to become King of Scotland -------------------- 1040 - 1057 Macbeth = King of Scotland -------------------- 1058 After defeating Mac Bethad and Lulach, Máel Coluim III is proclaimed king -------------------- 1072 William Wallace born --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 9:05 am | |
| 1124 David I becomes king and introduces the feudal system of landholding to much of Scotland -------------------- 1156 Somerled defeats the Norse King of Mann and the Isles, establishing his own semi-independent rule as ri Innse Gall-King of the Hebrides -------------------- 1164 Somerled is defeated by Malcolm IV in the Battle of Renfrew -------------------- 1174 William I signs the Treaty of Falaise in which he swears allegiance to Henry II of England -------------------- 1234 Galloway's independent existence ends with the death of Alan, Lord of Galloway -------------------- 1237 Southern border of Scotland established in the Treaty of York -------------------- 1263 Scots defeat Norwegians at Largs -------------------- 1266 Norway cedes the Western Isles to Scotland in the Treaty of Perth -------------------- 1274 Robert the Bruce was born -------------------- 1292 Edward I of England intervenes in Scottish affairs and grants the Scottish throne to John Balliol -------------------- 1292 An English Baron called John Balliol was crowned King of Scotland at Scone -------------------- 1297 Scottish war of Independence led by the rebel William Wallace
Andrew de Moravia and William Wallace lead the Scots to victory over England at Stirling Bridge -------------------- 1298 Scots Defeated by Edward I of England ( Longshanks) at the Battle of Falkirk -------------------- 1305 William Wallace executed in London -------------------- 1306 Robert the Bruce crowned King of Scotland -------------------- 1314 Battle of Bannockburn: Robert the Bruce defeats the English and gains Scottish independence
Robert the Bruce defeats the English at Bannockburn -------------------- 1320 Nobles assert Scottish independence in the Declaration of Arbroath --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 9:08 am | |
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1328 Treaty of Northampton. England recognises Scottish independence -------------------- 1371 Robert II becomes first Stewart king -------------------- 1402 English defeat Scots in the Battle of Nesbit Moor and the Battle of Humbleton Hill -------------------- 1413 Foundation of the University of St Andrews -------------------- 1451 Establishment of the University of Glasgow -------------------- 1468 Denmark cedes Orkney and Shetland to Scotland -------------------- 1493 Lordship of the Isles abolished. In 1540 the title was reserved to the crown -------------------- 1495 Creation of the University of Aberdeen (King's College) -------------------- 1496 Education Act of 1496 makes education compulsory for barons and wealthy landowners --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 9:51 am | |
| 1513 Battle of Flodden: James IV was killed in battle
Also, thousands of Scots were killed at Flodden -------------------- 1532 Creation of the College of Justice and the Court of Session -------------------- 1542 Death of James V -------------------- 1559 John Knox returns to Scotland from Geneva to promote Calvinism
Reformation in Scotland with John Knox's sermon at Perth -------------------- 1560 Parliament legislates Protestant Reformation of the Church of Scotland -------------------- 1561 Mary Queen of Scots returns to Scotland from France -------------------- 1565 Mary Queen of Scots marries Henry, Lord Darnley -------------------- 1567 Henry Darnley murdered. Mary marries Bothwell -------------------- 1568 Mary, Queen of Scots flees to England following the defeat of her army at the Battle of Langside She was imprisoned by Elizabeth I. Her baby son becomes James VI of Scotland -------------------- 1578 James VI takes over government from his regent, James Douglas -------------------- 1582 Establishment of the University of Edinburgh by Royal Charter -------------------- 1587 By the order of Queen Elizabeth I of England : Mary Queen of Scots was executed ( beheaded ) at Fotheringay Castle --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 9:52 am | |
| 1589 James VI marries Anne of Denmark in Oslo -------------------- 1592 James VI enacts the "Golden Act" recognising the power of Presbyterianism within the Scottish church -------------------- 1603 The Union of the Crowns when Queen Elizabeth I dies: The son of Mary Queen of Scots,James VI of Scotland becomes James I of England -------------------- 1614 John Napier invents logarithms and publishes a book promoting their use in mathematics -------------------- 1618 James VI forces episcopacy on the Church of Scotland through the Five Articles of Perth -------------------- 1633 Education Act of 1633 ordains a school in every parish (partially successful) -------------------- 1638 Scottish Covenanters rebel against Charles I -------------------- 1639 First Bishops' War -------------------- 1640 Second Bishops' War --------------------
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 9:54 am | |
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1642-1646 First English Civil War (While it is known as an English Civil war it was in fact very much a British war) -------------------- 1643 The Solemn League and Covenant promises Scots army to aid English parliamentarians against the king -------------------- 1648 - 1649 Second English Civil War -------------------- 1649 -1651 Third English Civil War -------------------- 1650 Southern Scotland occupied by the English Commonwealth's New Model Army following Scottish defeats at the Battle of Dunbar 1650 and the Battle of Hamilton during the Third English Civil War -------------------- 3-9-1651 Battle of Worcester was a victory for New Model Army over the last major Royalist field army. Most of the Royalist officers and men who fought at Worcester were Scottish. For the next ten years, apart from some mopping up operations and a few insurrections, (all of which were easily suppressed) there was not further military resistance to rule from London -------------------- 5-5-1654 Oliver Cromwell issued several a proclamation at the Mercat Cross in Edinburgh. Oliver Cromwell was the Protector of England Ireland and Scotland, that Scotland was united with the Commonwealth of England (Tender of Union) and there was a general pardon with some exceptions for the people of Scotland for any actions taken during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms (Cromwell's Act of Grace) -------------------- 14-5-1660 The monarchy is restored in Scotland and Scotland resumes its status as a separate kingdom -------------------- 1661 May Four men were executed for high treason for their actions against the Crown during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms. Archibald Campbell, 8th Earl of Argyll, James Guthrie, William Govan were all executed in May 1661 (the fourth Archibald Johnston, Lord Warriston fled abroad but returned to Scotland and was executed on 22-7-1663) -------------------- 6-9-1661 The restoration of the Episcopacy was proclaimed by the Privy Council of Scotland -------------------- 1662 During the parliamentary session the Church of Scotland was restored as the national Church and all office-holders were required to renounced the Covenant -------------------- 9-9-1662 The Scottish parliament passed the Act of indemnity and oblivion. It was a general pardon for most types of crime that may have been committed by Scots, between 1-1- 1637 and before 1-9-1660, during what the Act called "the late troubles" (the Wars of the Three Kingdoms and the Interregnum) -------------------- 1679 James, Duke of Monmouth defeats Covenanters at the Battle of Bothwell Brig -------------------- 1689 Jacobite First Rising highlanders defeats army of William III at Killiecrankie, but are halted at Dunkeld
The Claim of Right and the re-establishment of Presbyterianism -------------------- 1692 Massacre of Glencoe : The Campbells murder the MacDonald clan -------------------- 1695 The Bank of Scotland is created by Act of Parliament -------------------- 1696 Education Act of 1696 ordains a school in every parish (successful; act governs education until the 1872 act)
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عدل سابقا من قبل العلاء في الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 10:06 am عدل 2 مرات |
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العلاء Admin
عدد المساهمات : 1236 تاريخ التسجيل : 01/01/2012
| موضوع: رد: History of Scotland الأربعاء يناير 14, 2015 9:57 am | |
| 1707 The Union of the Parliaments: the Acts of Union are passed by both the Scottish parliament and English parliament
So, Scotland is formally united with England to form "Great Britain" ـ --------------------
1715 Jacobite rising -------------------- 1745 Bonnie Prince Charlie - Prince Charles Edward Stuart - returns to Scotland to claim the British throne -------------------- 1746 Battle of Culloden where the Jacobite Scots defeated and Bonnie Prince Charlie flees to France. The Battle of Culloden made an end to the last Jacobite rising
Scottish History combines together with UK History . -------------------- 1748 David Hume publishes An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding -------------------- 1754 Joseph Black discovers "fixed air" (= carbon dioxide) ـ -------------------- 1762 Land tenure reform leads to the Highland Clearances and massive emigration for several decades -------------------- 1769 James Watt patents idea for separate condensing chamber in the Steam engine -------------------- 1776 Adam Smith publishes The Wealth of Nations
-------------------- 1802 John Playfair publishes summary of James Hutton's theories of Geology -------------------- 1805 The Glasgow Herald newspaper first published -------------------- 1817 The Scotsman newspaper first published -------------------- 1820 The "Radical War" -------------------- 1822 Visit of King George IV to Scotland organized by Sir Walter Scott -------------------- 1832 The Reform Act enlarges the franchise -------------------- 1843 The Disruption in the Church of Scotland (over the issue of patronage) -------------------- 1846 Beginning of the ten-year Highland Potato Famine -------------------- 1847 The United Presbyterian Church of Scotland is established -------------------- 1864 James Clerk Maxwell presents equations describing electromagnetic fields -------------------- 1874 Patronage abolished in the Church of Scotland -------------------- 1878 Collapse of the City of Glasgow Bank -------------------- 1879 William Ewart Gladstone conducts the Midlothian campaign as part of a political comeback -------------------- 1879 The Tay Bridge Disaster -------------------- 1885 Creation of the Scottish Office and the post of Secretary for Scotland, later Secretary of State for Scotland -------------------- 1890 Opening of the Forth Railway Bridge -------------------- 1896 Opening of the Glasgow Subway
-------------------- 1929 The Church of Scotland and the United Free Church of Scotland unite -------------------- 1934 Scottish National Party founded -------------------- 1938 The Empire Exhibition, Scotland 1938 is held at Bellahouston Park, Glasgow -------------------- 13to 15-3-1941 The Clydebank Blitz -------------------- 1943 Creation of the North of Scotland Hydro-Electric Board to bring electricity to all parts of the Highlands and Islands -------------------- 1945 First Scottish Nationalist MP is elected -------------------- 1947 Nationalisation of the railways – the Scottish Region of British Railways is created -------------------- 1947 The first Edinburgh International Festival is held -------------------- 1950 The Stone of Destiny is removed from Westminster Abbey -------------------- 1957 Scottish Television starts broadcasting -------------------- 1968 The General Assembly of the Church of Scotland permits the ordination of women as ministers -------------------- 1975 Local government reorganisation (replacing Counties and Burghs for administrative purposes with Regions and Districts) -------------------- 1978 Launch of BBC Radio Scotland -------------------- 1979 Referendum to create a Scottish Assembly fails to meet the required majority -------------------- 1988 Terrorists blow up Pan Am Flight 103 over Lockerbie with the loss of 270 lives, including 11 residents of the town -------------------- 1994 Local government reorganisation (replacing the Regions and Districts with single-tier councils) ـ -------------------- 1996 The Stone of Destiny is permanently returned to Scotland, to be housed in Edinburgh Castle -------------------- 1997 Newly elected Labour UK Government under the leadership of Scots-born Prime Minister Tony Blair legislates for a referendum on a devolved Scottish Parliament which is passed by a large majority -------------------- 1999 A Scottish Parliament sits for the first time in 272 years. Donald Dewar of the Scottish Labour Party elected as First Minister and forms Scottish Executive in coalition with the Scottish Liberal Democrats -------------------- 9-10-2004 Opening of the new Scottish Parliament Building -------------------- 2007 The Scottish National Party become the largest party in the Scottish Parliament and forms a minority government -------------------- 2011 The Scottish National Party under Alex Salmond gain an overall majority of the Scottish Parliament -------------------- 18-9-2014 Scotland has a referendum on national independence. The majority of Scots votes against Scotland Independence
Sources : Scottish History en.wikipedia
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| History of Scotland | |
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