* (History of Bosnia (1389-1991 *

 *  (History of Bosnia  (1389-1991 *
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1389-6-28
 The Serbs were defeated in the Battle of Kosovo at the Field of the Blackbirds. Sultan Murat, the Ottoman leader was killed in the battle. Serbs say that Albanians aided the Turkish invaders. Historical evidence shows that both forces were multinational and that Serbs and Albanian fought on both sides. [see Jun 15] In 1999 Ismail Kadare, Albanian author, wrote "Elegy for Kosovo," in which he retells the story of the battle. Bosnian King Tvrtko and other Balkan princes along with Albanians fought under the command of Serbian Prince Lazar
    (WSJ, 5/7/99, p.A1,18)(SFEC, 7/23/00, BR p.7)
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1463
 The Ottomans conquered Bosnia
    (www.bartleby.com/67/314.html)
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1479
The Turks erected a mosque in the center of Banja Luka. It was leveled by the Serbs in 1993
    (WSJ, 8/26/98, p.A1)
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1566
The Stari Most (Old Bridge) was built over the Neretva River in Bosnia. It gave the city of Mostar (bridge keeper) its name. It was destroyed in 1993 by Bosnian Croat artillery. An annual diving contest was held off the bridge since it was built. In 2004 the bridge was reopened
    (SFC, 5/15/00, p.A12)(WSJ, 6/1/04, p.A1)(Econ, 11/26/05, p.64)
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1566
A Serbian Orthodox monastery was built in Zitomislic, Bosnia. It was destroyed in 1992 during the Bosnian War, but was rebuilt and reopened in May 2005
    (Econ, 11/26/05, p.64)
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1699

Prince Eugene of Savoy looted and burned Sarajevo, Bosnia
    (SSFC, 12/4/05, p.F5)
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1762
The Osman-Pasha mosque was built in Trebinje. It was destroyed during the 1992-1995 war
    (SSFC, 5/6/01, p.A15)
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1809-7-5
to:
1809-7-6, Napoleon beat Austria’s archduke Charles at the Battle of Wagram. He annexed the Illyrian Provinces (now part of Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, and Montenegro), and abolished the Papal States
    (http://tinyurl.com/vx8dk)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Wagram)
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 1878-3-3
 Russia and the Ottomans signed the Treaty of San Stefano, granting independence to Serbia. With the Treaty of San Stefano (and subsequent negotiations in Berlin) in the wake of the last Russo-Turkish War, the Ottoman Empire lost its possession of numerous territories including Bulgaria, Montenegro, Romania, and Serbia. The Russo-Turkish wars dated to the 17th century, the Russians generally gaining territory and influence over the declining Ottoman Empire. In the last war, Russia and Serbia supported rebellions in the Balkans. In concluding the Treaty of San Stefano, the Ottomans released control of Montenegro, Romania and Serbia, granted autonomy to Bosnia and Herzegovina, and allowed an autonomous state of Bulgaria to be placed under Russian control
    (HN, 3/3/99)(HNQ, 2/23/01)
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1878-3-3
 The Treaty of San Stefano was signed after Russo-Turkish War. It assigned Albanian-populated lands to Bulgaria, Montenegro and Serbia; but Austria-Hungary and Britain blocked the treaty's implementation. Albanian leaders meet in Prizren, Kosova, to form the League of Prizren. The League initially advocated autonomy for Albania. At the Congress of Berlin, the Great Powers overturned the Treaty of San Stefano and divided Albanian lands among several states. The League of Prizren began to organize resistance to the Treaty of Berlin's provisions that affected Albanians
    (www, Albania, 1998)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_San_Stefano)
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1878-7-13
 The Treaty of Berlin amended the terms of the Treaty of San Stefano, which had ended the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. The Congress of Berlin divided the Balkans among European powers. Austria-Hungary and Britain, alarmed at the possibilities of growing Russian power, concluded the Treaty of Berlin, reducing the military and political gains Russia had made with the San Stefano treaty
    (AP, 7/13/97)(HN, 7/13/98)(HNQ, 2/23/01)
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1878-1918
    Bosnia came under the rule of the Austrian-Hungarian Empire. A representative from Vienna governed the area
    (Econ, 11/26/05, p.65)
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1880
The Serajevo Brewery was built. Builders dug 3 wells down 600 feet to provide water for the brewery. The Austro-Hungarian empire ruled Bosnia at this time
    (SFC,10/27/97, p.A8)
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1881
The area around Bosnia was annexed by the Austro-Hungarian Empire and Pope Leo XIII reasserted the Catholic Church with dioceses in Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Mostar
    (SFC, 4/15/97, p.A10)
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1882
The Hotel Evropa was built in Sarajevo, Bosnia. It was gutted by Serb shells in 1992. Restoration after the 1992-1995 war was completed in 2008
    (Econ, 7/19/08, p.60)
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1875-7-29
 Peasants in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Balkans rebelled against the Ottoman army
    (HN, 7/29/98)
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1878
 Bosnia came under Austro-Hungarian. This continued until 1918. A representative from Vienna governed the area
    (Econ, 11/26/05, p.65)(Econ, 10/20/07, p.72)
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1894-6-30
 Gavrilo Princip, Bosnian assassin (arch-duke Franz Ferdinand), was born.
    (MC, 6/30/02)
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1908-10-6
 Austria annexed Bosnia and Herzegovina
    (MC, 10/6/01)
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1908-12-1
 The Italian Parliament debated the future of the Triple Alliance and asked for compensation for Austria’s action in Bosnia-Herzegovina
    (HN, 12/1/98)
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1911
 The Black Hand was the nickname for a secret society, Unity or Death, formed in 1911 by Serbian army officers seeking liberation of Bosnia from Austrian domination. These nationalist leaders sought the creation of a Greater Serbia
    (HNQ, 5/29/99)
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1912
 A small Balkan War broke out and was quelled by the major powers. Albanian nationalism spurred repeated revolts against Turkish dominion and resulted in the First Balkan War in which the Turks were driven out of much of the Balkan Peninsula
    (V.D.-H.K.p.290)(Compuserve Online, Grolier’s Amer. Acad. Enc./ Albania)
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1913-5-30
 Conclusion of the First Balkan War
    (HN, 5/30/98)
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1914-6-28
 Austrian Archduke Francis Ferdinand, heir to Austria-Hungary, and his wife, Sofia, were assassinated in Sarajevo, Bosnia, by a Serb nationalist. As the royal couple rode through the streets of Sarajevo in an open touring car, seven young radicals from an obscure Serbian-Bosnian nationalist group, called the Black Hand, lay in wait. An initial assassination attempt failed, but a wrong turn brought the car near Gavrilo Princip, who fired two shots at point-blank range into the couple's bodies. Within minutes, both the Archduke and Sophia were dead. Princip was arrested, but political tensions were so high between Austria-Hungary and Serbia that war broke out as a result. Like falling dominoes, international alliances brought one country after another into the conflict. The event triggered World War I. In 2011 Adam Hochschild authored “To End All Wars: A Story of Loyalty and Rebellion
    (V.D.-H.K.p.252, 284-285,290)(AP, 6/28/97)(HNPD, 6/28/98)(Econ, 6/4/11, p.93)
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1918-4-28
 Gavrilo Princip (22), Bosnian murderer of arch duke Ferdinand, died in prison of tuberculosis.
    (http://concise.britannica.com)(AP, 4/28/07)
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1925-8-8
 Alija Izetbegovic (d.2003) was born in Bosanski Samac. He later led Bosnia's Muslims during the 1992-95 war for independence and became one of the republic's first postwar presidents
    (AP, 10/19/03)(SFC, 10/20/03, p.A18)
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1928
 Ivan Merz (32), Bosnian Croat intellectual and theologian, died of meningitis. He was beatified in 2003 by Pope John Paul II
    (AP, 6/22/03)
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1929-10-3
 The Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes formally changed its name to the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. It included the regions of Serbia, Montenegro, Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia, Herzegovina, and Macedonia. King Alexander I renamed the Balkan state called the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, Yugoslavia. The Kingdom had been formed on December 1, 1918 and was ruled by the Serbian Karageorgevic dynasty. It included the previously independent kingdoms of Serbia and Macedonia, the Hungarian-controlled regions of Croatia and Slovenia, the Austrian province of Dalmatia, Carniola and parts of Styria, Carinthia and Istria
    (AP, 10/3/97)(HN, 10/3/98)(HNQ, 3/26/99)(LCTH, 10/3/99)
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c1939
During WW II 
  Herzegovina became a stronghold of the Croatian Ustashe movement allied to the Nazis. Local clergy was seen condoning and supporting Ustashe mass slayings of ethnic Serbs
    (SFC, 4/15/97, p.A10)
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1941-12-15
to: 1941-12-23
 Catholic Sisters Jula Ivanisevic, Berchmana Leidenix, Krizina Bojanc, Antonija Fabjan and Bernadeta Banja, who helped the poor regardless of religion in the majority Serb village of Pale, Bosnia, were killed in Gorazde and thrown into the River Drina. The sisters were beatified in 2011
    (AP, 9/24/11)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drina_Martyrs)
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1942-3-1
 Tito established the 2nd Proletariat Brigade in Bosnia
    (SC, 3/1/02)
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1942-3-5
 Josip Broz "Tito" established the 3rd Proletariat Brigade in Bosnia
    (MC, 3/5/02)
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1943-11-29
 In Yugoslavia partisan Tito formed a temporary government in Jajce, Bosnia
    (MC, 11/29/01)
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1943
 Jovan Ducic, a Serb poet born in Trebinje, died in the US. He was reburied in his home town in 2000
    (SFC, 10/23/00, p.A11)
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1944-5-7
 There was a German assault on Tito's hideout in Drvar, Bosnia
    (MC, 5/7/02)
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1980-5-4
    Marshal Josip Broz Tito (b.1892), Communist dictator of Yugoslavia (1943-1980), died three days before his 88th birthday. He was a Croat and tried to spread the Serbs out over the six Yugoslav republics so that they would not dominate the country. His policy was considered a major cause of the Bosnian war in the '90s
    (AP, 5/4/97)(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josip_Broz_Tito)(WSJ, 8/8/95, p. A-10)(WSJ, 6/11/96, p.A14)
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1984-2-8
 Winter Olympics opened in Sarajevo
    (HN, 2/7/97)
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1990-7-31
The Assembly of Bosnia-Herzegovina adopted constitutional amendments by which Bosnia-Herzegovina was declared a democratic state of equal citizens of the peoples of BH, Moslems, Serbs, Croats and others.
    (www.balkan-archive.org.yu/politics/chronology/chron90.html)
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1990
 The Serb Democratic Party was founded by Radovan Karadzic
    (SFC, 12/25/98, p.B8)
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